接触表面

The drawback with GB3480-83 Methods for the calculation of load capacity of involute cylindrical gears equivalent to ISO/DP6336/I∽III-1980 is also pointed out: when taking into account lubricating state of gear surface influence on loading capacity of gear surface, In the above it is study on based EHL , and is ignored that in the state of boundary lubricating, as well as favorableness conditions in gear surface conjugate meshing, the active atom resolved from the additive permeates the surface and forms the modifying layer totally different from its basic structure, elements and function and thus greatly raises the loading capacity of gear surface .

也指出了等效于ISO/DP6336/Ⅰ∽Ⅲ-1980的《GB3480-83渐开线圆柱齿轮承载能力计算方法》的缺陷：在考虑齿面间润滑状态对齿面接触强度承载能力影响时，是以弹性流体动力润滑理论为讨论问题的基础，未考虑边界润滑状态下，非活性润滑油抗磨添加剂在啮合过程中，由于各种有利因素会分解出活性原子，渗进齿轮表面，形成表面改性层，极大的提高了其承载能力。

It could be suggested that the glyceride biosurfactant was produced by C. antarctica at early stage for cell adapting the hydrophobic environment., and the alkane would be emulsified with the biosurfactant and made easy to be attached and up taken by cell.

由此可以推测，C.antarctica在正构烷烃中产生生物表面活性剂是在发酵前期，可能是菌体为了适应不良的生存环境而产生生物表面活性剂以乳化烷烃，增加与烷烃的接触能力，最终达到利用烷烃的目的。

Decreasing the parts' surface roughness, as it is shown after a long time practice that can realize the reliability and stabilization of the match; can reduce faction coefficient, wear, stress concentration, vibration, noises, and power consumption; can improve the operative precision and perceptivity; can increase the support area and contact intensity; and also can improve wear degree etc.

长期的生产实践表明，降低零件的表面粗糙度，对保证配合的可靠性和稳定性；对减少摩擦系数，降低动力消耗；对提高机械和仪器的工作精度和灵敏度；对增大支撑面积，减少磨损，提高接触刚度；对减少应力集中，增加耐疲劳强度，减少振动和噪声等均起着重要的作用：即表面粗糙度直接影响着机械和仪器的使用性能和使用寿命。

Considering the real wheel/rail geometry and boundary condition, the distribution of elastic-plastic stress in the rail-joint, the effect of the inclusion and crack in the rail surface on the distribution of elastic-plastic stress in railhead are analyzed by using software ANSYS.

本文以大型有限元软件ANSYS为分析工具，同时考虑车轮和钢轨真实的几何形状及边界条件，分析了钢轨接头位置弹塑性应力场、钢轨表面点状缺陷和条纹状钢轨表面缺陷对钢轨接触应力场的影响。

Laser measurement was used to measure surface shape of shadow mask and its Q value. Triangulation-method was used to get a high precise measurement.

应用激光非接触式测量方法测量荫罩表面形状的方法及其对应的Q值，采用三角测量方法对荫罩表面进行高精度测量。

In real engineering, the two surfaces in sliding contact are rough. And it is an important theoretical part to calculate the coupled temperature and stress of sliding bodies having rough surfaces.

工程实际中，相互接触的滑动摩擦表面是粗糙的，对粗糙表面的瞬时温升和热－机械应力分析有重要的理论意义。

The contact mode AFM could be used to "sweep" the slipcover and expose the mark. As an example, in situ observation of the bovine serum albumin adsorption film on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite was described. When the marks, atomic steps on HOPG, were covered by BSA molecules, contact mode AFM could "sweep" the BSA molecules away.

以对高序热解石墨（Highly ordered pyrolytic graphite，HOPG）表面牛血清白蛋白（Bovine serum albumin，BSA）吸附的原位观察为例，在BSA膜覆盖HOPG表面的原子台阶后，采用接触模式AFM扫描，将BSA"扫"开，露出HOPG原子台阶作为标记，对图像上的结构进行精确定位。

Heat transfer between ingot and mold is then intensified by the quickened flow velocity of Al melt. As a result, the initial solidifying point on the ingot surface in mold moves upwards to decrease the height of contact zone between the melt and mold so as to improve the surface quality of ingot.

铝熔体流动速度的加快能增强石墨环与铝熔体之间的换热，使结晶器内铸锭表面初始凝壳点位置上移，减小了铝熔体与结晶器的有效接触高度，提高了铸锭的表面质量。

Central part of the water on the inner surface just tangent with the impeller wheel, water ring coincides with the lower part of the inner surface contacts the top leaves (the leaves in the water in fact has a certain ring insertion depth).

水环的上部分内表面恰好与叶轮轮毂相切，水环的下部内表面刚好与叶片顶端接触（实际上叶片在水环内有一定的插入深度）。

The next part of the water ring coincided with the inner surface of the impeller wheel Tangent, water ring coincides with the inner surface of the upper leaves of the top contact (in fact the leaves in the water ring must have the insertion depth).

水环的下部分内表面恰好与叶轮轮毂相切，水环的上部内表面刚好与叶片顶端接触（实际上叶片在水环内有一定的插入深度）。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷