接触到

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

The transformation of the contact force from contact point to nodes of contact elements is accomplished according to their shape.

并根据接触单元的形状实现了接触力从被接触点到接触单元节点的转化。

A sixth electrical contact arm is moved to come in contact with a third electrical contact again, so a film winding mechanism is activated to feed a photo filmstrip by one frame.

一个第六电接触臂运动到再次与一个第三电接触件接触，使得卷片机构被驱动，从而，输送照相胶片过一个片格。

The utility model is characterized in that the electrical contacts are normally open, and the contacts convert original off-state into on-state when the temperature of the thermal dual-metal which is heated goes up to the designated value.

公用运算模式的特点是，在有关电气接触，通常是开放的，和接触转换成原来的关态到导通状态时的温度，热双金属加热则上升到了指定的价值。

When the contact area decrease from 1/2 of the slot width (at this situation the scaleboard is almost contacting with the scaleboard slot completely) to 1/8 of the slot width (atthis situation there is only very narrow contact area between the scaleboard and the slot) the maximal equivalent stress increases 52.2%.

当接触带由衬板槽宽度的1/2(此时衬板与衬板槽几乎完全接触)减小到1/8(此时衬板与衬板槽只有很窄的接触带)时，该处的最大等效应力增大了52.2%。

For the first patern, elastic dynamics is adopted to study the steady state rolling contact, elastic dynamics incorporating with rigid dynamics is adopted to study the non-steady state. For the steady state, the analytical solution is obtained, and for the non-steady state, the variational formulation to solve the problem numerically is derived For the later patern, the function type friction coefficient is introduced. On the basis of the quasi-stastic theories of constant friction coefficients, both the exact theory and the simplified theory of the function type friction coefficient are established, the computer programms for both the theories are also made out. Using the function type friction coefficient, Shen-Hedrick-Elkins theory's application range is extended to large creepage .

对于速度对接触体力学特性的影响，本文采用弹性动力学方法和弹性动力学与刚体动力学相结合的方法分别对稳态和非稳态两种情况进行了研究，得到了稳态情况的解析解，给出了对非稳态情况进行数值求解的变分公式；对于速度对相关物理量的影响，本文主要讨论了速度对摩擦系数的影响，在滚动接触准静态理论的基础上引进了函数型摩擦系数，建立了函数型摩擦系数的滚动接触准静态精确理论和简化理论，并分别编制了相关的计算程序，还用函数型摩擦系数将简便的Shen-Hedrick-Elkins理论的适用范围扩展到大蠕滑区。

WARNING:This product contains crystalline silica,which in airborne particles of respirable size is known to cause cancer.

注意：如眼神接触、洗净，用温水如过敏现象持续发生，就医，在皮肤接触，用肥皂和水警告：本品含硅晶体，在空气中的微粒的大小是呼吸致癌让儿童接触不到的地方。

The only option to increase the flow of negative nodes into the system is to move vertically, or deeper into the disciplines that underly the vendor and startup sports that attract most of the raw attention. It is here that the Open Web Foundation appears on the scene, a honeypot for attracting negative gesturers.

或许真正的自我应该是建立在自我的意志之上的，人与人之间的彼此的熟悉也是要建立在自我的意志之上的，有时候，表面的东西只会蒙蔽彼此的眼睛，甚至有的时候我们亲眼看到的亲耳听到的也未必是事实，所以真正了解一个人，必须深入地接触，短暂地接触并不可能真正的了解，对于任何人都一样，对于那些只有很少接触的人，应该很少给予评价，因为我们还不够了解，并且没有那个权利去评价，每个人都有自己的是非观和人生观，只是表现的形式不同，但无论你的是非观什么怎么样的，到最后还是逐渐会被同化，也就是说会被社会的现实所慢慢改变，这使我感到悲哀，所以我一直对自己说并经常给我身边的朋友说这么几句话：同流不合污，随波不逐流；改变能改变的，接受无法改变的。

Trail --the horizontal distance between the front end's point of rotation (i.e. where a line drawn through the steering head would intersect the ground) and the contact patch of the tire.

拖拽――前端转向点与前胎与地面接触点的水平距离（从通过摩托车的转向把头的一条线上垂直到地面的一个假想焦点，然后从这个焦点折回到轮胎与地面接触点的水平距离。

In studies of interaction among pile, platform that above it and surrounding soil, this paper employ the concept of plate element to simulate the loading character of platform, and employ the concept of solid element to simulate the character of pile and soil, using the finite element method after understanding the geometry properties of pile, soil and the platform. Analyzing the loading properties of the three entities above and their deformation, this paper also employ a special element, Penalty Element. The introduction of penalty element of this kind has served to guarantee the join harmony of displacement between solid element and plate element, thereby effectively resolving the join problem between platforms, pile that support it and surrounding soil.Considering significant property difference between pile material and its surrounding soil, there may be much shear stress on their contact interface produced under vertical load, thus causing displacement or fission. Therefore it is necessary to adopt one special constitutive law of this kind of contact interface, which can reflect its feature of loading and deformation thoroughly. On the basis of the deformation feature and constitutive laws of some contact interface obtained by Zhang Dongji and people concerned through some single-shear experiments on contact interface between structure and soil, this paper employ one pile-soil three-dimensional constant thickness contact interface model to simulate the " slide" taken place on the interface between pile and its surrounding soil. With this kind model, this paper has also created one finite element model, which can be applied to perform finite element calculation and analyze the pile-loading feature, and deduced its element stiffness matrix.

在承台-桩-土共同作用中，考虑桩与承台的几何特性，采用有限元方法，用实体单元模拟桩土，用板单元模拟承台，更具体地分析桩和承台的受力特性和变形，而且还采用罚单元—既实体单元与板单元之间连接必须满足变形协调条件，来有效地解决了承台与桩土的连接问题，且在桩土共同作用中，由于桩体结构的材料性能与周围土层性质相差较大，在竖向荷载下有可能在其接触面上产生较大的剪应力从而导致错动或开裂，因此，为了充分反映桩土接触面上的受力及变形特征，应采用一种桩土接触面特有的本构关系，即利用张冬霁等人关于结构与土体接触面单剪试验所得到的接触面变形特征及其本构关系，引入桩-土三维等厚度接触单元来模拟桩与桩侧土之间的&滑移&，在此基础上建立可用于桩基承载性状分析的有限元计算单元模型，并推导出了各单元的刚度矩阵。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！