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The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5~6倍的平均粒径,首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性,发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化,通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分,观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移,并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量;(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型,并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性;(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析,比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响,证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性,还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

Once the coffee bean is exposed to air, its flavor begins to lose. A whole bean is the best jacket again air, but once it is ground, it becomes powdered and then increases the contact with air and the flavor loses fast.

在咖啡豆与空气接触的同时,其风味即开始流失,而一颗完整的咖啡豆与空气接触的面积有限;但咖啡豆研磨后即形成粉沫状也就有无数个面与空气接触,使其风味的流失加快。

By applying the difference arithmetic to solve the differential vibration model of the single-degree-of-freedom,the acceleration responses of the vibrated bevel wheel was calculated.The bevel wheel contact fault was simulated by taking it as the impulsion loading in local point.By using techniques of wavelet de-noising and demodulated resonance,gear contact character information was picked up successfully.

从齿轮的单自由度振动模型出发,运用差分算法对模型进行求解,得到斜齿轮的振动加速度响应,将齿面接触型故障等效为在局部点突加一个冲击载荷,对齿轮齿面接触型故障进行了仿真,利用小波降噪和共振解调技术分别对仿真的染噪振动加速度信号进行处理,成功地提取了轮齿接触故障的信息。

At last a numerical iteration scheme is used to solve for the load of asperities, the real area of contact for each asperity, the size of the contact spots and the average contact pressure with given conditions.

通过数值模拟,得到了给定条件下各个微凸体上的载荷、真实接触面积、接触斑点尺寸和平均接触压力的分布情况。

More asperities tend to interact with each other and affect the central contact zone in elastic-plastic contacts as compared with elastic contacts. The change of spacing and radius of asperities and indentation depth would influence the asperity interaction.

同弹性接触相比,在弹塑性接触过程中有更多的邻近粗糙峰对中心接触区发生作用,改变粗糙峰的间距、曲率半径和压下深度都会对其产生影响。

Then the formula of the impact force and contact time was induced,which the elastic coefficient of restitution was considered in contact time calculation.

根据赫兹接触模型和经典碰撞理论,并考虑返向器与螺母的固连关系,建立了滚珠与返向器碰撞接触的力学模型,导出了碰撞力公式,并在考虑弹性恢复系数的基础上推导出了碰撞接触时间公式。

With the assumption of contact force distribution between beams composing a simply supported laminated beam,a contact force function is deduced by applying deformation compatibility condition,and its validity is discussed.

针对简支叠梁的受力特点,建立简支叠梁的简化分析模型,对简支叠梁之间的接触力分布提出假设,运用变形协调条件推导出接触力函数,并对接触力函数的有效性进行了讨论。

Through simulates between the mold and the sheet dynamic contact accurately, contacts the boundary dynamic change in the comprehensive analysis sheet and the mold in the foundation, unified the ANSYS software to give the model geometry description, the contact algorithm choice, the contact friction model establishment and so on the concrete method.

通过准确地模拟出模具与板料之间的动态接触,在全面分析板料与模具接触边界动态变化的基础上,结合ANSYS软件给出了模型的几何描述、接触算法选择、接触摩擦模型的建立等具体方法。

The paper adopted the contract model according with the fact, studied the effect of contract condition on reflection cracking, analyzed the main factor of reflection cracking caused by temperature changes.

本文采用了更符合实际情况的接触模型,利用ANSYS 中热分析和接触分析的耦合技术,详细研究了在温度荷载作用下的接触条件对反射裂缝的影响,分析发现了接触条件是产生温度型反射裂缝的主导因素。

In order to distinguish these two types of transitions, a state recognition method is introduced. We firstly propose a variable contact set in which the contact points on the robot body are defined to represent the alternation of the contact states logically. Then, by predefining thresholds for the contact forces, the state transition can be well recognized.3 As another research topic, the local tracking control according to the pre-acquired state transition trajectories plays an important role in realizing the non-regular motion for the humanoid robot.

在状态转换识别方法上,本文提出了接触点集合的概念,对接触状态的变化进行逻辑上的表达;再结合接触点集合的变化情况,通过设定接触力阀值来实现对状态转换的识别。3根据给定的状态转换轨迹进行局部的跟踪控制,是本文实现类人机器人非规则运动的另一个重要研究内容。

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