接触

Diamond Engagement Ring s, Hatton Garden Jewellers, Diamond Engagment Rings, Design Your Own Diamond Engagement Rings, bespoke wedding rings, Platinum Rings uk, gents gold Rings, commitment rings, sapphire engagement rings, Ruby Engagement Rings, London Jewellers, Luxury Jewellery, Tiffany Engagement Rings, Tiffany Lucida, Tiffany Etoile, Bespoke Jewellery, Handmade Engagement Rings uk, Custom-made Engagement Rings, Handcrafted Engagement Rings, Unusual Engagement Rings, luxury jewellers, Hand made rings, made by hand, uk london workshop, hatton garden diamond rings, in platinum, gold, silver, all handmade and handcrafted by master goldsmiths, custom made diamond rings, diamond engagement rings uk, emerald engagement rings, ruby engagement rings, haute jewellery, fine diamonds, bond street quality, london jeweller, yellow diamond engagement ring, diamond ring wedding, diamond mounter, diamond manufacturer, diamond setter, diamond polisher, excellent cut diamonds, diamond platinum ring, diamond eternity ring, exclusive jewellery designer, diamond ring solitaire, dubai diamonds, cheap diamonds rings dubai, diamond gold ring white, cooldiamonds, dejoria, david morris, cool diamonds, cool designer, diamond gold ring, cluster diamond ring, diamond ring uk, diamond engagement platinum ring, History of Eternity Rings , diamond ring trilogy, black diamond ring, diamond pink ring, designer diamond ring, diamond ring ruby, diamond eternity platinum ring, antique diamond ring, anniversary diamond ring, madarin garnet, diamond engagement gold ring white, diamond ring sapphire, 1 carat diamond ring, custom made eternity rings, diamond engagement ring solitaire, diamon engagemen rin, expensive diamond ring, harriet kelsall, 18k diamond ring, diamond platinum ring wedding, hot diamond, diamond earring, diamond jewelry, loose diamonds, pink sapphires and pink sapphire rings, english luxury jewellery uk, ethical diamonds, ethical jewellery, ethical jeweler, yellow diamonds, blod diamonds, conflict diamonds, clean diamonds, dimond engagement ring, ruby engagement ring, sapphire engagement rings, pearl engagement rings, emerald engagement rings, Agate, Alexandrite, Amazonite, Amber, Amethyst, Andalusite, Apatite, Aquamarine, Beryl, Black Diamonds, blue Diamonds, Brown Diamonds,Canary Diamonds, Carnelian, Cat's Eyes, Chalcedony, Champagne Diamonds, Chrysoberyl, Chrysoprase, Citrine, Cognac Diamonds, friendship rings, gay wedding rings, gay friendsh ip, Coral, Cornelian, Corundum, CZ - Cubic Zirconia, Demantoid Garnet, Emerald, Feldspar, Fluorspar, Fire Opal, Garnet, Glass, Green Diamonds, Haematite or Hematite, BBC , Hiddenite, Iolite, porn, Ivory, Jade, Jadeite, Jet, rappaport, Kunzite, Labradorite, Lapis Lazuli, Marcasite, Moissanite, Moonstone, Morganite, Nephrite, Onyx, Opal, Orange Diamonds, Padparascha or Padparadscha, Pearl, Peridot, Pink Diamonds, Prase, Purple Diamonds, Quartz, Red Diamonds, Rock Crystal, Rose Quartz, gemmologist, Ruby, Sapphire, Sard, Sardonyx, Sphene, Spinel, Spodumene, Star Stones, Sunstone, Tanzanite, Topaz, Topazolite, Tortoiseshell, Tourmaline, Tsavolite, Turquoise, Yellow Diamonds, Zircon, Zoisite, eternity rings, princess, marquise, oval diamond, round diamond, square diamond, emerald cut, trillion.

钻石戒指收盘接触，哈尔顿花园珠宝商，经营的钻石戒指，你自己设计钻石戒指接触，预订结婚戒指、英国白金戒指、金戒指胶质，承担戒指、蓝宝石戒指接触，接触红宝石戒指，伦敦珠宝商，奢侈品珠宝交战的Tiffany戒指、社会学的Tiffany，Etoile的Tiffany，预订珠宝，手工戒指接触英国订造接触戒指，戒指手工接触，接触不同寻常戒指，豪华珠宝商，手作戒指，用手写，英国伦敦车间，哈尔顿花园钻石戒指，白金、黄金、白银全部由手工及手工大师金帜钻石戒指、钻石戒指接触英国，翡翠戒指接触，红宝石戒指接触，品味珠宝钻石罚款、质量保证金街，伦敦珠宝商，聘请黄钻石戒指，钻石戒指婚纱、钻石贴片，钻石制造先驱钻石，钻石抛光机，出色禁钻石、白金钻石戒指、钻石永恒戒指，珠宝设计师独家钻石戒指的纸牌，迪拜钻石、钻石戒指廉价迪拜白金钻石戒指，cooldiamonds，dejoria，大卫莫里斯酷钻石，凉爽设计师、黄金钻石戒指，集束钻石戒指，英国钻石戒指，白金钻石戒指接触，史永恒戒指、钻石戒指三部曲，黑色钻石戒指，钻石戒指粉红、设计师钻石戒指，红宝石钻石戒指、白金钻石戒指永恒、古董钻石戒指，周年钻石戒指，汉语石榴石、钻石金戒指接触白色，蓝宝石钻石戒指、1克拉钻石戒指，原厂制造永恒戒指、钻石戒指接触的纸牌，金刚石engagemen296、昂贵的钻石戒指，kelsall的Harriet，镶有钻石戒指、白金钻石戒指婚礼、热点钻石、钻石耳环、钻石首饰松散钻石粉红蓝宝石及粉红蓝宝石戒指，英文英国豪华珠宝、钻石伦理道德珠宝、宝石伦理、黄色钻石献血钻石、冲突钻石、清洁钻石戒指珍接触，接触红宝石戒指、蓝宝石戒指接触，接触珍珠戒指、翡翠戒指接触、玛瑙、宝石、呈色、琥珀、紫晶、红柱石、磷灰石、宋瓷、绿柱石、钻石黑、蓝钻石、褐色钻石，钻石的金丝雀、玛瑙、猫眼玉髓、香槟钻石、宝石、chrysoprase，柠檬黄，钻石白兰地、友谊集团、同性恋结婚戒指，同性恋friendsh叶珊瑚、茱、刚玉、长征-立方氧化锆、demantoid石榴石、祖母绿、长石、萤石、蛋白石火灾、石榴石、玻璃绿钻石，或haematite赤铁矿、 BBC等，hiddenite、iolite、色情、象牙、玉石、翡翠、喷气、Rappaport，kunzite、晕、蜜腊、铁矿、硅石、钾长石、morganite、玉、玛瑙、蛋白石、橙色钻石，padparascha或padparadscha、珍珠、橄榄石、粉红色钻石，prase，紫色的钻石，水晶，红色钻石，镶嵌水晶、玫瑰石英、宝石、红宝石、蓝宝石、可持续农业、sardonyx，榍，尖晶石、锂、星光宝石，sunstone，Tanzanite、黄玉、topazolite、乌龟、电气石、tsavolite、绿松石、黄钻、锆石、晶石

The effect of tribology factors on bearing vibration is studied experimentally. AR model and WPT are used to processing the normal arid abnormal signals. The results are as follows:1. The vibration of ball bearings is caused by the tribology action of contact pairs of ball and ring races and has the essential of tribo-dynamics. Any factors affecting the tribology characteristics of contact pairs will affect vibration and noise of bearings consequently.2. Vibration characteristics of bearing keep almostly unchanged with the increasing of axial load expecting the increasing of nature frequencies. When radial load increasing with axial load unchanged, nature frequencies keep unchanged but some new vibration peaks appears in the spectrum.3. Vibration amplitudes are damped and nature frequency are enhanced with sufficient lubrication. Vibration and noise of bearings increase obviously and roar can happen and the contact surfaces scratch slightly under insufficient and unclean lubrication state. Bearing will be disabled in a few minutes without any lubrication.4. Bearing vibration is unstable under low speed. With the speed increasing, the vibration become stable and natural frequencies increase slightly but the amplitudes increase apparently.5. Bearing vibration can be excited only by some harmonics ofwaviness without lubrication and by all harmonics with lubrication based on the theoretical analysis.6. The nature frequencies of ball bearings decrease with the increasing sizes. When international clearance increasing, nature frequencies decrease in radial and increase in axial and angular and the amplitudes increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular. When the number of balls increasing, nature frequencies increase and amplitudes decrease. When the pitch diameter increasing, axial nature frequency increase and others nearly keep no change. When outer race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular and amplitudes keep no change in radial and increase in axial and angular. When inner race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies decrease and amplitudes increase.7. The distortion in amplitude and frequency components of bearing vibration signals picked up by the present probe measurement method is founded and right conclusions cannot be achieved by the signals. When accelerometer is rigidly screwed with steel stud onto a flat outer surface of a ball bearing, vibration signal can be got without distortion and the reliability of research on bearing vibration is assured.8. AR model is suitable for large samples of bearing vibration signals, square root of length of samples can be used as the upper limitation of order determination and the FPE order selection criterion is effective. Many advantages of AR spectrum are founded over the classical based on FFT.9. Time-Frequency analysis is necessary for abnormal noise of ball bearings. WPT overcomes the principle shortcomings of STFT and proved to be a best tool to process the abnormal signals.

理论分析和试验研究表明： 1球轴承振动是钢球—滚道接触副中的各种摩擦学作用引起的，具有摩擦动力学的本质，任何对接触副的摩擦学特性有影响的因素都将对球轴承的振动和噪声特性产生影响； 2中心轴向载荷作用下，载荷增大使球轴承的固有振动频率升高，载荷越大同样的载荷增幅引起的频率升幅减小，足够大的中心轴向载荷作用下载荷的变化对球轴承振动的频率特性不会产生明显的影响； 3轴向和径向联合载荷作用下，径向载荷不大时球轴承振动的固有频率基本不变，但是可能引起变刚度激励的非线性振动，出现新的频峰，过大的径向载荷将使部分钢球脱离接触，使球轴承的振动和噪声呈现不稳定状态； 4润滑对球轴承的振动和噪声特性有重要的影响，良好的润滑对振动有明显的抑制作用，润滑不充分时，振动和噪声的水平会有明显增高，一定条件下还会激发接触副中的谐振，发出啸声，造成接触表面的伤害，无润滑干接触时，短时的运转就会损伤接触副表面，使振动和噪声迅速增大，并随时可能引发严重的磨损和卡滞失效；接触副润滑良好时，油膜的"刚化效应"使球轴承振动的固有频率有所提高，润滑剂中含有弥散性污浊时，振动的幅度总体升高，但弥散性污浊不会改变球轴承振动的频率特性；浙江大学博士学位论文：球轴承振动的研究 5低速时，球轴承振动的基本特征呈现不稳定状态，随着转速的提高，球轴承振动的频率特性趋于稳定，固有频率频峰升高； 6理论分析表明，干接触时钢球和滚道表面波纹度的某些谐波分量能激励球轴承的振动，振动的幅值与谐波幅值成正比，实际球轴承中钢球的分布不可能完全均匀，波纹度的激励作用会随时发生；润滑接触的分析表明，波纹度的任意谐波分量均能激励球轴承的振动； 7球轴承的几何和结构参数分析表明，球轴承尺寸越大，径向、轴向和角振动的固有频率越低；钢球中心圆直径增大，球轴承的径向和轴向振动的固有频率基本不变，角振动的固有频率有所上升，振动的幅频特性基本不变；径向游隙加大使球轴承的径向振动固有频率降低，轴向和角振动的固有频率有所升高，径向振动幅频特性的幅值升高，而轴向和角向降低；钢球的数量增多使球轴承振动的固有频率上升，幅频特性的幅值下降，径向振动的幅值下降最为明显；外圈沟曲率半径系数增大使球轴承径向振动的固有频率升高，轴向和角振动的固有频率降低，径向幅频特性基本不变，轴向和角向幅频特性幅值升高；内圈沟曲率半径系数增大使径向、轴向和角振动固有频率均下降，振动幅频特性的幅值均有升高； 8试验对比表明，传感器采用探针式安装时，由于探针接触副接触特性的影响，钡(量得到的球轴承振动信号有失真，采用专门设计和制作的试验球轴承，以固定式安装加速度计，首次测量得到了球轴承振动的真实信号，通过对振动信号的分析，验证了球轴承振动的理论模型； 9)基于时间序列分析的AR模型适用于大样本球轴承振动信号的分析，以样本长度的均方根值作定阶上界，FPE做判阶准则，给出的AR谱光滑，频率分辨率高，是球轴承振动分析的简便而可靠的手段； 10以时频域分析的小波包变换分析球轴承异音信号能够比较好地定位和聚焦异音发生的时间，时间间隔，频率范围，同样是球轴承振动分析的可靠的手段，可用作球轴承故障诊断技术。

Compared with the initial value problems of scalar conservation laws with smooth flux function, the global weak entropy solutions for the initial-boundary value problems of scalar conservation laws with weak discontinuous flux function include the following new interaction types: a rarefaction wave collides with the boundary and is absorbed compltetely or partially by the boundary; a rarefaction wave collides with the boundary and the boundary will reflect a contact or non-contact shock wave; a contact or non-contact shock wave collides with the boundary and is absorbed by the boundary; a contact or non-contact shock wave collides with the boundary and a new non-contact shock will rebound from the boundary simultaneously or later.

与具有光滑流函数的单个守恒律的初始值问题相比，具有弱间断流函数的单个守恒律初边值问题的整体弱熵解中包括下列新的相互作用类型：稀疏波碰到边界并被边界部分或全部吸收；稀疏波与边界相撞，边界反射出一个接触或非接触激波；接触或非接触激波碰到边界并被边界吸收；接触或非接触激波与边界相撞，边界同时或稍后反射出一个新的非接触激波。

Dimensional quasicrystal material under the action of a rigid flat die is solved satisfactorily by introducing displacement function and using Fourier analysis and dual integral equations theory, and the analytical expressions of stress and displacement fields of the contact pro.

结果表明，如果接触位移在接触区域内为一常数，则垂直接触应力在接触边缘具有- 1/ 2阶奇异性，这为准晶材料的接触变形提供了重要的力学量

The shapes of the melting solid surface may be concave, convex or plane, while the perimeter of plane contact regions may be rectangular, circular, elliptical, parabolic and arc curve. The types of relative motion reviewed here are the movement of a solid PCM melting inside a heated capsule, the movement of a hot body through a melting solid medium, slide contact and rolling contact. The contact melting may be caused by temperature difference, pressure difference, friction and viscous heating. Finally, the research regions in the future are summarized.

内容包括各种形式的接触熔化，可归纳为：在接触形状上可以有凹、凸与平的面，而接触的周长可以是矩形、圆形、椭圆形、抛物线形与弧形曲线；相对运动的类型有固体相变材料在加热容器内熔化，加热体通过熔化固体介质的运动，滑动接触与滚、转动接触；引起接触熔化的原因有温差、压力差、摩擦与粘性热。

First, this article introduced 2 grade of rotary kiln principle of work and the equipment, to rolled the circle mechanics behavior to carry on the analysis, proposed - rolled the circle - under roller's rotary kiln overall modelling based on the tube body - kiln liner - big tooth ring, to rolled the circle - under roller's contact stress to carry on the finite element analysis the method, and obtained rolled the circle contact stress the size and the distribution rule, finally indicated that rolled the circle contact stress mainly to have two main peak values and the sudden change in one week, appeared is rolling the circle and the under roller contact area; Then, rolls the circle the stress to regard as is the principal stress unknown plane stress test, the use quite mature modern test technology, proposed rolls the circle stress test the principle and the plan, and to rolled the circle the stress to carry on the scene test, the stress which the scene test analysis result and the finite element analysis calculated has compared, had proven the whole method modelling's finite element analysis method's rationality and rolled the circle - under roller contact stress the result accuracy; Finally, uses ANSYS APDL the re-development technology, in view of 2 grades of rotary kilns, rolled the circle - under roller contact stress the overall finite element analytic method to carry on the re-development.

首先，本文介绍了2档回转窑工作原理和装置，对滚圈的力学行为进行了分析，提出了基于筒体-窑衬-大齿圈-滚圈-托轮的回转窑整体建模，对滚圈-托轮的接触应力进行有限元分析的方法，并得到了滚圈接触应力的大小和分布规律，结果表明滚圈接触应力在一周内主要存在两个主要的峰值和突变，都出现在滚圈与托轮接触区域；然后，把滚圈的受力看成是主应力未知的平面应力的测试，利用比较成熟的现代测试技术，提出了滚圈应力测试的原理和方案，并对滚圈的应力进行了现场测试，现场测试分析结果与有限元分析计算出的应力相比较，证明了整体法建模的有限元分析方法的合理性和滚圈-托轮接触应力的结果的正确性；最后，利用ANSYS的APDL的二次开发技术，针对2档回转窑，就滚圈-托轮接触应力的整体有限元分析法进行了二次开发。

In Chapter two, it is given of the three-dimensional boundary element and the boundary element space, Sobolev space for the contact boundary element problem with friction; it is proved of existence and uniqueness of the solution by variation inequality for the contact Boundary Element Method matrix equation under two kinds of condition that the contact zone is fixed and the contact zone is increasing along with the load; it is given of the expressionfor the error of the exact solution and the boundary element solution.

第2章，给出三维边界单元及边界元空间、有摩擦接触边界元问题的Sobolev空间，利用变分不等式证明了不变接触区和随载荷可变接触区两种情况下的接触边界元法矩阵方程解的存在唯一性，给出了准确解与边界元解的误差表达式，还证明了三维弹塑性摩擦接触问题凝缩矩阵解的存在唯一性，为三维弹塑性摩擦接触边界元法奠定数学基础。

The formulation for the contact force between two spheres and the stress and displacement which is caused because of the contact force is also derived. The calculation method of the contact of sphere and plane, sphere and tee is given .At the same time, the formulation for the force distribution of the contact surface is established on the discussion of two arbitary elastomer's contact.

第二章以《弹性力学》理论为基础，详细地介绍了接触单元理论，导出了两个球体之间的接触压力及由此引起的应力和变形，给出了球体与平面相接触、球体与球座相接触的计算方法，同时，对于两任意弹性体接触的讨论，得到了接触面上压力分布的公式。

In addition, total wheel/rail contact calculation with divided rail outline method are raised. Under the condition of considering the displacement, bouncing, yaw, roll of wheelsets and displacement, bouncing, roll of rails, minimum gap between rail and wheel were calculated by the trochoid method and divided rail outline method, we can easily judge totally real contact states of the wheel/rail such as normal one-point contact, nonnormal one-point contact, two-point contact and wheel complete lift. Wheel/rail normal forces in the two contact point are respectively calculated by nonlinear Hertz contact theory, and then, result of simulation more close to reality on actual track.

另外，提出了轨廓分区法全面计算轮轨接触状态法，在考虑轮对的横移、浮沉、摇头、侧滚和左右钢轨的横移、浮沉、侧滚的条件下，可全面地分别计算左右侧轨顶和轨侧区域与车轮的最小轮轨间隙量，以此来判断轮轨的真实接触状态：正常的一点接触、非正常的一点接触、两点接触和车轮完全悬浮，并根据非线性赫兹接触理论分别求得两接触点处的轮轨法向力，从而使仿真结果更接近于车辆在实际线路上的运行状态。

After reviewing some research results of the human hand haptics, a measuring apparatus was constructed to measure the human fingers' contact force and contact areas. Then experiments were performed on in-vivo fingertips. From the experimental data, a contact force model was deduced to describe the real contact force properties of human fingertips.

通过分析虚拟环境中几种重要的接触力生成算法，结合人手的感知特性，构建了人手指接触力测量平台，研究了手指接触力和接触面积之间的关系，提炼出以接触面积为变量的指尖接触力的力学模型。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了