接种后的

In order to study on the fast,simple and efficacious method of forecast the sclerotinia stem rot.

为了探索预测油菜菌核病发生情况的快速、简单、有效的方法；此研究采用检测被核盘菌子囊孢子感染的油菜花瓣数量来预测预报菌核病可能发生严重度程度，实验采用添加了两种不同pH指示剂的改良型Steadman's培养基在室温下培养在油菜花期(3月下旬～4月中旬)每天采自2块试验田的新鲜花瓣，如果花瓣被病原菌子囊孢子感染，接种培养后培养基颜色发生改变，统计被感染的花瓣数；结果表明：除1天在一块田没有检测到被子囊孢子感染的花瓣外，油菜整个花期都有被感染的花瓣出现，但初花期被感染的花瓣较少，而盛花期和终花期被感染的花瓣较多，第一块田被感染的花瓣数在两种培养基上出现的百分率分别为32.0%和40.2%，第二块田分别为27.3%和35.7%。

The results show that the duration of the 3 phases during the culture of cell suspension is related to the inoculum size, the initial nutrient concentration, the feeding of nutrients and the culture conditions such as temperature and dissolved oxygen, that the maximum cell yield reaches about 12g/L for batch culture or 35g/L for fed-batch culture in dry weight, that the saponin content of cells quickly increases in the bloom phase and keeps on increasing until the early stage of the declining phase, with a maximum saponin content of about 60~70g/kg in dry weight, that the conductance value of cell suspension decreases from more than 8000μS to less than 600μS with the growth of cells, but increases when the cells autolyze, and that part of cells turns red in the later culture, which has no apparent effect on the saponin content.

结果显示：细胞3个生长时期的持续时间与接种量、初始营养浓度、营养流加情况及培养条件有关；分批培养和流加培养时的最大细胞得率分别为12g/L和35g/L；细胞的皂甙含量在旺盛生长期快速上升，并保持增长至衰退期前期；干细胞中最大的皂甙含量达60~70g/kg；随着细胞的生长，培养液的电导值从8000μS以上下降至600μS以下，细胞自溶后逐渐回升。另外，培养后期部分细胞颜色变红，但没有发现颜色转变对皂甙含量造成影响。

The best relative effect of cross-protection was found when spore concentration of Cladosporium cucumerinum was adjusted to 1×10^2 spores/ml for 48 h interval. And it was much better in resistant cultivars than in susceptible ones. Meanwhile, after challenged by Corynespora cassiicola the cucumber induced by Colletotrichum orbiculare produced great resistance to brown-spot, but that increased the development of anthracnose.

在黑星病菌对霜霉病菌的诱导作用中，以浓度为1×10^2个／ml的黑星病菌孢子悬浮液的诱导效果最好，诱导间隔期为48h黄瓜黑星病菌对霜霉病的交互保护作用最明显，抗性品种的交互保护作用明显好于感病品种；炭疽病菌可诱导黄瓜有效抑制褐斑病的发生，但挑战接种褐斑病菌后，却促进了炭疽病的发生。

After non-inoculated samples were treated with H2O2, peaks of protein had the trend of left-moving in resistant varieties, but trend of right-moving in susceptible varieties. So, when H2O2 existed, enchancement of POD activity impelled low-weight substance to polymerize high-weight protein in resistant varieties, but no difference in susceptible varieties.Samples from callus of five wheat varieties with varying degrees of resistance against wheat head blight were examined by FPLC.

对照样品在过氧化氢水浴(35℃)处理后，抗性品种的蛋白峰有&左移&现象，P_0峰有所提高，表现与赤霉病菌接种处理一致的趋势，因而，在H_2O_2存在的前提下，抗性品种中POD活力的提高促使小分子量物质聚合成大分子量的蛋白，而在感性品种中没有这些变化的出现。

Immune cells were separated from blood and head kidney of silver carp and immunestained with fluorescein-labbled LPS and mouse-anti LPS antiboby.

对银鲫接种从鱼类致病菌中提取的脂多糖后，观察了LPS在鱼体内的分布，获得了进入鱼体内的LPS主要是分布在鱼体的肾、脾和肝等免疫组织中、而且在肾脏中消失的最慢的结果。

Methods The 3-5 generation fibroblasts were inoculated in 24-well with rat-tail collagen. A denuded area was made when the 3 generation of the fibroblasts was influent into a monolayer. Cells were then exposed to the presence of various concentrations of viper venom, mitomycin C, and the cells migrated into the denuded area were counted evely 6 hours.

将培养的第3~5代人结膜下成纤维细胞接种于涂有鼠尾胶原的24孔板中，待细胞生长融合后在培养板上划线，造成无细胞的裸露区，分别加人不同浓度的蛇毒制剂、丝裂霉素C及二者的混合液，每6h观察记录移行至裸露区的细胞。

With this procedure,significant differences in resistance/susceptibilityamong cultivars could be manifested reproducibly.

进一步通过对可溶性蛋白含量和SOD活性的测定证明，在接种枯萎病菌后无论是抗病品种(86-1，未显症)还是感病品种(泗棉2号，已显症)棉株根部的可溶性蛋白含量均显著增加(其它部位--茎、子叶和真叶中均不显著)，但SOD酶活性的增加仅见于已显症的感病品种泗棉2号的根中。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。