接种后的

Beta frequently used as rootstock in China was susceptible to phylloxera. Phylloxera survived at 38.82%~47.5% and produced 9.01 eggs per day on Beta, while the corresponding values were 25%~30% on concord and compbell and 6.00~6.85 eggs per day on concord, campbell and catawba. Both Hei Huxiang and White Banana of Vitis vinifera-V. amerancain were susceptible to phylloxera, on which phylloxera yielded more than 190 eggs totally despite their survival was down-regulated and development arrested to some extent. All V. vinifera and cross cultivars of V. vinifera-V.

我国当作砧木使用的贝达不抗根瘤蚜，接种后蚜虫存活率始终保持在38.82%~47.5%，日产卵量达9.01；欧美杂交种中的康克、康拜尔和卡它巴对根瘤蚜稍有抗性，根瘤蚜日产卵量在6.00~6.85粒之间，其中康克、康拜尔葡萄上蚜虫的存活率随时间的延长而明显降低，由最初的60%下降至25%~30%；欧美杂交种中的黑虎香和白香蕉虽然在一定程度上能够限制根瘤蚜的存活和发育进程，但对根瘤蚜的繁殖量没有影响。

The following methods were used in the study, such as viral inoculation of animal, pathological method, flow cytometry, RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and terminal deoxy nucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labling . Morphological changes of the infected chickling, dynamic changes of T, B cells and T subsets, changes of adhesion molecules on the lymphocyte surface, necrosis and apoptosis of lymphocyte and neurons, changes of MIP-1β and IL-8 producing cells in the brain, cell types of perivascular tuffing in cerebral tissue were systematically studied.

在研究过程中，采用了病毒接种技术、普通病理学研究方法、流式细胞仪技术、RT-PCR技术、原位杂交技术、免疫组化技术、凋亡细胞末端标记技术，系统研究了不同日龄的SPF雏鸡人工感染AEV-NH937株后的病理变化，T和B淋巴细胞、T淋巴细胞亚群的动态变化规律，淋巴细胞表面某些粘附分子的变化，淋巴细胞和神经元的坏死与凋亡，雏鸡脑组织中产生趋化因子MIP-1β和IL-8细胞的变化规律，脑组织中围官性细胞浸润的细胞类型。

The following methods were used in the study, such as viral inoculation of animal, pathological method, flow cytometry, RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and terminal deoxy nucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labling. Morphological changes of the infected chickling, dynamic changes of T, B cells and T subsets, changes of adhesion molecules on the lymphocyte surface, necrosis and apoptosis of lymphocyte and neurons, changes of MIP-1β and IL-8 producing cells in the brain, cell types of perivascular tuffing in cerebral tissue were systematically studied. The key research results were.(1)The average percentage of CD19+cell in blood, bursa and spleen, after 3, 5 days of inoculation, was significantly Phybridization revealed that the number of IL-8 and MIP-1βproducing cells was increased in the infected brain.

在研究过程中，采用了病毒接种技术、普通病理学研究方法、流式细胞仪技术、RT-PCR技术、原位杂交技术、免疫组化技术、凋亡细胞末端标记技术，系统研究了不同日龄的SPF雏鸡人工感染AEV-NH937株后的病理变化，T和B淋巴细胞、T淋巴细胞亚群的动态变化规律，淋巴细胞表面某些粘附分子的变化，淋巴细胞和神经元的坏死与凋亡，雏鸡脑组织中产生趋化因子MIP-1β和IL-8细胞的变化规律，脑组织中围官性细胞浸润的细胞类型。

The dynamic changes of physiological and biochemical indexes of healthy spikes and inoculation ones of the resistant mutants indicated that PAL activity and content and changing tendency of total phenolate and flavoniods and MDA in the healthy spikes of the mutants were similar to that of their susceptible donors, whereas, for the inoculated spikes, content and changing range of these indexes existed significant difference between two kinds of strains, changing from high-resistant variety (Sumai3 ) to their susceptible donors.

以典型抗扩展品种和突变体供体亲本为抗、感对照，对抗赤霉突变体的健康穗及接种穗的生理生化特性研究结果显示，在健康穗中，抗性突变体的PAL活性、总酚、类黄酮及MDA含量及变化趋势与其感病亲本相一致，但在病原菌侵染后，这些生理生化物质的含量与变化程度与其亲本有了明显的差异，其变化范围介于典型高抗品种和感病亲本之间，变化趋势与亲本或抗性品种一致。

To probe into either the attractiveness to or avoidance from phylloxera of grape rootstocks and cultivars with different tolerance, as well as into the volatile components from their roots, the method of invitro root segment culture was used to investigate the selectivity of Phylloxera viticola Fitch to the roots of grape rootstocks '5BB' and '140Ru' and cultivar 'Kyoho'.

为了探讨不同抗性水平砧木及品种对根瘤蚜吸引及驱避效应以及鉴定挥发性物质组分，采用离体根段培养法测定葡萄根瘤蚜Phylloxera viticola Fitch对砧木5BB，140 Ru及栽培品种巨峰的选择性，发现根瘤蚜对栽培品种巨峰的根段具有很强的选择性，至接种后3d，67.13%的根瘤蚜优先选择巨峰；而对5BB和140 Ru的选择性却很差，分别有15.29%和17.58%的根瘤蚜选择5BB及140 Ru。

In addition to studying adverse events and immune response, researchers will look for any effect the vaccine may have on asthma indicators, including changes in spirometry after vaccinations, changing asthma severity, and changes in the Asthma Control Questionnaire.

除了评价不良事件和免疫应答外，研究者还将探讨这种疫苗对哮喘指标可能产生的其他影响，包括接种后肺活量的变化、哮喘严重程度的变化以及哮喘控制问卷的得分变化。

The electron microscope scanning results showed that dense mycelia and conidial colonies were observed on the leaves of non K2SiO3-applied plants, while loosened mycelium or no mycelium on the leaf surface of K2SiO3-applied plants.

经电镜扫描分析显示，诱导接种后，未加硅酸盐的叶片布满浓密的菌丝体及分生孢子团，经硅酸盐处理的叶片上仅有松散的菌丝或者没有菌丝分布。

The NS1 protein is produced in large quantities in infected cells, but it is not packaged in the virion. Since killed vaccines for influenza are primarily made with whole virions, a differential antibody response can be seen between naturally infected and vaccinated animals.

NS1蛋白可以在受病毒感染的细胞中大量产生，但是却不会被包装到病毒颗粒中去；由于灭活禽流感病毒疫苗的成分主要是完整的病毒颗粒，因而免疫接种后机体产生的抗体谱会有别于禽流感病毒感染。

In this study, as a original strain, antagonistic bacterium Ata28 was mutated by UV, UV+LiCl, DES and Microwave irradiation; the very goal of the research is to improve the control efficiency of Ata28 strain against tobacco brown spot and obtain strains advanced both in antagonism and biological characteristics, further provides theoretics and practical experience to the production.

采用紫外线和氯化锂复合诱变Ata28菌株，通过预备实验，计算Ata28菌株在不同诱变时间的致死率和正变率，选择该菌株的最佳诱变时间10s，15s诱变；通过平板对峙培养，筛选出8个突变菌株在PDA平板上可明显抑制Tbs3的生长，抑菌带高于出发菌株Ata28，抑菌带最大值达9.7mm；经温室控病初筛和复筛试验，获得了对烟草赤星病有较好防效的突变菌株Uv1-190、Uv1-199，烟苗经Uv1-190、Uv1-199菌液处理3d后，接种Tbs3的防治效果达51.3％、54.9％，比出发菌株Ata28的防治效果好。

Ata28 strain exhibited marked suppression of Tbs3 strain which is the pathogen of tobacco brown spot on PDA plates, and the Ata28 strain had the good control efficiency of tobacco brown spot.

采用紫外线诱变Ata28菌株时，通过预备实验，计算Ata28菌株在不同诱变时间的致死率和正变率，选择该菌株的最佳诱变时间10s，20s，30s诱变；通过平板对峙培养，筛选出15个突变菌株在PDA平板上可明显抑制Tos3的生长，抑菌带高于出发菌株Ata28，抑菌带最大值达9.4 mm；在温室控病中，获得了对烟草赤星病有较好防效的突变菌株Uv-126，烟苗经Uv-126菌液处理3d后接种Tos3的防治效果达52.2％，比出发菌株Ata28的防治效果好。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。