探针

In traditional, the working probe naturally sustaining repeated bending actions and wear, absolutely needs a mechanism to prevent it from being damaged, caused by the change of the probe's geometry and the increase of the contact resistance. Therefore, in this study, we develop a CMOS-based chip in connection with the electroformed probes to detect each of their counterforce, contact resistance to evaluate if their contact force and coplanarity are controlled within safe range.

传统上，探针常因为弯曲作动和磨耗，使几何形状产生改变，进而电阻值提升，使过大的电流通过探针而烧毁，或因共面度不佳部分探针未能确实接触IC焊垫误判成断路，故晶片的制作重点在於监测探针卡上个别探针的回馈力量，当探针量测IC时，可进行即时探针反作用力、接触电阻的检测，进而了解探针卡工作时受力是否均匀、平坦度是否符合要求等性质。

Card of bougie of the 2 high end that make faces a challenge at present card of chip test probe can distribute big kind roughly: Cantilever type bougie (bit needle and annulus oxygen needle), perpendicular type bougie and filmy bougie.

今朝芯片测试探针卡大致可分三大类型：悬臂式探针、垂直式探针及薄膜探针。

In order to test the practical usefulness of the prober LZF-I we conducted population investigation, paternity determination, tissue stability and applicable extent in fish and obtained following results. The probability of chance association between random individuals was 9.23×10-16,and this indicates that the LZF-I fingerprints are completely individualspecific The paternity probability was 0.999962, and it showed that the inheritance of alleles is in accord with the Mendelian Law. The LZF-I oligonucleotide fingerprinting probe was stable.It was very effective in detecting both individual and species specificities of fish.

通过对鱼类的群体实验、亲子鉴定实验、组织细胞的稳定性实验和鱼类种类的适用范围实验后，测得：(1)LZF-I DNA指纹探针属多位点寡核苷酸探针；(2)LZF-I DNA指纹探针在鱼类种群中的鉴别机率为9.23×10 E-16；(3)LZF-I DNA指纹探针在鱼类亲子鉴定实验中的父系概率为0.999962；(4) LZF-I DNA指纹探针，是一种稳定的，既具有个体识别能力，又具有一定种属特异性的、适用于鱼类DNA指纹图研究的基因指纹探针。

The probes of CHS, PHYA, COP1, CIP7 and HY5 genes were synthesized by total RNA extracted from the cortex tissue of tuberous root of turnip, the probes of PAL and CHI were synthesized by total RNA extracted from the petal tissue of Eustoma, and the probes of AS were synthesized by total RNA extracted from the fruit tissue of strawberry.

采用的探针中，PHYA、COP1、CIP7、HY5及CHS基因的探针是利用芜菁的肉质根周皮层的总RNA合成，PAL和CHI基因的探针是利用草原龙胆花瓣的总RNA合成，AS基因的探针是利用草莓果实的总RNA合成。

The detectable group, biotin-ε-aminocaproic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, is attached to the remaining amino group. A series of multiamine compouds, i. e. ethylendiamine, 1, 6-hexandediamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, and synthetic polyarylamide are used inlabelling, it is found that linker arms and steric hindrance effect the detection sensitivity. The probes labeled by 1, 6-hexandediamine and triethylenetetramine can detect 0.1-0.5pg target DNA in dot blot hybridization, and their sensitivities are better than the others.

本文详细考察了乙二胺、己二胺、二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺、四乙烯五胺及合成的聚乙烯胺化合物对λDNA探针的标记和检测的影响，发现胺化物链长和空间位阻影响探针的杂交和检测，用己二胺和三乙烯四胺标记的生物素探针在杂交24小时、显色8小时后检测灵敏度达0.1-0.5pg，超过其它胺化物标记的探针。

Pneumoniae FH strain was cloned and the sequence was analysed by M13 DNA sequencing method. Comparing the PCR product sequcence with MP M-129 strain P1 gene, we found that there are 4 bases different. This may result from the different MP DNA templates. The maximum homology is 98.8%. The result confirmed the fidelity and specificity of the amplified target DNA segment by PCP, and suggested that two categories of MP P1 gene still exist a few differences even in the conservation region. The cloning MP DNA segment was labelled by random hexanucleotide priming, after hybridization, the probe detection was completed using an anti-digoxigenin antibody alkaline phosphatase conjugate, and the substrates 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate and nitro blue tetrazolium. This hybridization system is much superior to the radioactive probe hybridization, because it is safe, easy to handle and has no limitation of decay time. The time required for colormetic detection is also much less than the corresponding autoradiographic exposure time needed to achieve similar detection limits with 32P-labelled probes. The Dig-probes could be used repeatedly, and this made them not only much convenient to use, but also lower the cost, and worthwhile to be used popularly.

将PCR产物进行重组，并将阳性重组质粒，应用M13测序系统对产物进行DNA序列分析，并与MPM-129株P1基因核苷酸进行同源性比较，发现有4个位置的碱基发生了变化，其同源性为98.8％，证实了PCR所扩增DNA片段的准确性和特异性，同时也证实了不同MP组型的P1基因即使在保守区也存在着一定的差异，将克隆的目的DNA片段用异羟基洋地黄毒苷配基用随机引物法标记制备MP DNA探针，杂交后用碱性磷酸酶标记的抗Dig多克隆抗体与杂交体反应，再用BCIP和NBT呈色，制备MP DNA探针，鉴定所扩增片段的特异性，与同位素探针比较，Dig探针不受半衰期限制，可反复使用，而且价格低廉，值得推广使用。

Capitata. The detecting probes included one family probe, one genus probe, three related species probes and four species specific-probes, and the quality-control probes included anchor probe, positive probe, negative probe and blank probe, with one for each. The results of gene chip showed that the specificity of detecting probes was specific to distinguish the three Ceratitis fruit flies.

地中海实蝇及其近缘种检测芯片由检测探针（实蝇科通用探针1条，小条实蝇属通用探针1条，地中海实蝇、芒果小条实蝇和纳塔尔小条实蝇近缘种探针2条和种特异探针4条）、质控探针（定位点探针、阳性质控、阴性质控和空白对照探针各1条）组成。

The gene chip detecting methylation changes of 3 CpG in promoter region of p16 gene was constructed by designing a pair of probes which contain one methylated and one unmethylated probes. This pair of probes was used to detect 3 consecutive sites of CpG island in p16 gene.

设计1组特殊荧光标记探针以构建1种检测p16基因启动子区3个CpG位点甲基化改变的芯片，特殊荧光标记探针包括1对非甲基化探针和甲基化探针，检测相邻的3个CpG位点甲基化的程度。

Last, Nano Indenter XP was used to measure the mechanical properties of the fabricated probe structures, the results show that the spring constants of cantilever type and simply supported beam type probe structures were 2556 Nm-1 and 26280 Nm-1 respectively, which were close to the designed values of 2838 Nm-1 and 23935 Nm-1 with the error of 9.94% and 8.92%. DC probes and HP 4194A Impedance/Gain-phase Analyzer were adopted to measure the electrical properties of the simply supported beam probe card. The contact resistance from the probe tip to the end of stripline was 0.6Ω. In the frequency range of 5 to 40 MHz, the characterized impedance between two probes was larger than 20 kΩ, and the capacitance was from 0.17 pF to 0.27 pF.

采用Nano Indenter XP纳米压痕仪对制备后的探卡结构进行力学性能测试，测得悬臂梁和简支梁的弹簧常数分别为2556 Nm-1和26280 Nm-1，与2838Nm-1和23935 Nm-1的理论设计值相差9.94%和8.92%；采用直流探针和HP 4194A阻抗分析仪对简支梁型探卡结构进行了电学性能测试，从简支梁探针到引线末端的直流接触电阻为0.6Ω，在5-40 MHz范围内，探针间特征阻抗大于20 kΩ，电容在0.17 pF至0.27 pF之间，测试结果表明探针的接触电阻小、射频隔离性能好。2。

In others with double-armed receptors, the probes 4-(N,N-bisacetoxyethylaminomethyl)-7-methoxycoumarin.(B3) and 4-N,N- bis(diethylaminodithiocarboxyethyl aminomethyl-7-methoxycoumarin (B4) with pronounced fluorescence enhancement response to special heavy and transition metal ions were proposed as PET mechanism; for those with double-armed receptors following ICT mechanism, their performances are influenced by not only the structure of the receptors but also the attaching position of it.

双臂香豆素类荧光分子探针体系中，我们研究了含有不同杂原子的识别基团对PET型荧光探针识别性能的影响，优化了探针的选择性，得到了可以选择性识别某种过渡金属和重金属离子的荧光增强型分子探针4--7-甲氧基香豆素(B3)和4--7-甲氧基香豆素B4而在ICT型荧光探针的研究中，我们发现具有不同杂原子的识别基团可以对识别性能产生影响的同时，连接位置的改变也对识别能力有很大的影响。

Lugalbanda was a god and shepherd king of Uruk where he was worshipped for over a thousand years.

Lugalbanda 是神和被崇拜了一千年多 Uruk古埃及喜克索王朝国王。

I am coming just now,' and went on perfuming himself with Hunut, then he came and sat.

我来只是现在，'歼灭战perfuming自己与胡努特，那麼，他来到和SAT 。