探空气球

As a part of discussion, the retrieved profiles are compared with the radiosonde data nearby the GPS/LEO occultation sounding points.

在讨论中，用掩星观测点附近相应的探空气球资料来检验CHAMP掩星资料变分同化的结果。

With the development of numerical model, more attention is paid to the error caused by sounding balloon floating.

随着数值模式的不断发展，探空气球的漂移偏差越来越不可忽视。

Since halfcentury, the international balloon meteorological sounding network has been carrying on the watervapor survey continuously.

半个世纪以来，国际性的气球探空网络一直在进行水汽探测。

In order to improve the quality of sounding data and reduce the sounding balloon drifting error, China Meteorological Administration puts forward an expansion code scheme.

为了提高高空观测数据的质量，减小在探测过程中由于气球漂移造成探测资料在空间上的误差，中国气象局提出一套探空、测风报的空间、时间扩充编码方案。

Keywords : sounding data, balloon drift, drift bias

中文关键词：探空资料，气球漂移，漂移偏差

To investigate the impact of height-depending sounding balloon＇s drifting on numerical prediction and extract to the full utility of soundings, a positioning scheme is designed to locate the balloon＇s position at every pressure level, based on sounding principles.

为了考察探空资料随高度的漂移对高分辨率数值预报模式的影响，充分发掘探空资料的应用价值，根据探空资料的探测原理，设计定位方案，计算出了各气压层上探空气球所处的实际位置。

In this paper, the structure characteristics of atmospheric boundary layer have been studied over Lanzhou in winter by combining numerical simulation method with analysis of the data which was observed by sounding balloon during the collaborative project "Study on air pollution and countermeasure in Lanzhou" supported by Gansu Government and Chinese Academy of Sciences.

本文利用甘肃省政府和中国科学院的科技合作项目"兰州市大气污染及对策研究"所获得的系留气球探空资料，并且结合数值模拟方法，对兰州市冬季大气边界层温度场特征进行了对比分析，结果表明：在没有特殊天气过程的典型冬季代表性时段，山谷城市兰州逆温边界层结构无论白天或夜间都存在，而且经常出现多层逆温和白天的脱地逆温情况，只有当冷空气过境时，逆温现象才减弱或消失；与观测结果相比较可以看出，数值模拟结果基本上反应了温度场的主要特征。

The main results are as follows:（1） the distance a sounding balloon drifts during operation is a lot longer than that is accepted as a horizontal resolution by present numerical models;（2） the positioning scheme presented for sounding balloons is basically applicable to a resolution of 10 km × 10 km;（3） on the whole, the position correction leads to the fact that the resulting analytic increment field is one order of magnitude smaller than the original;（4） analysis of the model predictions shows that soundings, when positioned,leveled soundingswould improve predictions.

结果表明：探空气球在施放过程中的漂移距离远远超过目前数值模式可取的水平分辨率；所设计的探空气球定位方案对水平分辨率为10km 10km的数值预报模式基本是可用的；总的来讲，位置订正对分析增量场的改变与原分析增量场相比小一个量级。模式预报结果显示，探空资料的定位使降水预报效果得到了改善。

Some researchers reported that using sonde data in modifying wind's profile has greatly improved the results of trajectory simulations.

郭（2003）於轨迹模拟中加入了以系留探空气球所量测得之垂直剖面气象资料，用以改善地面测站无法有效地呈现出位於烟流高度之温度风分量，并藉此来改善轨迹模拟在中部山区模拟结果不佳之缺点。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。