探测的

It solves the problem that the unitary contour presentation can not correctly extract face contour in a face image which suffers from scale, rotation etc. The definition of the internal and external energy function is provided. At the same time, the global matching algorithm and local matching algorithm is given. The experiment shows that this presentation and the accompanying matching algorithm can be used to extract the face contour very well. So the image segmentation can be implemented by using it.②By analyzing the recognition principle of PCA method, we can conclude that the face images coming from different surrounding consist of different face image space. This is the essential reason that makes the generality of PCA method worse. Also, we give a measurement means to measure the distance from different face image space, so we can analyze face image space more conveniently.③We also construct various scale models and rotation pose models to detect the scale and rotating angle of face image to be recognized. The experiment results show that the detecting precision is very high. So it is good for face image feature extraction and face image representation.④Similarly, we construct local feature models of face image and utilize them to detect the local feature of face image. At the same time, we put forward a novel face image local feature detection algorithm, locating step by step. The experiment results show that this method can accurately detect the location of local face feature in a image.⑤A novel face image presentation model, dual attribute graph , is put forward. Firstly, it utilizes attribute graph to present the face image, then exact the local principal component coefficient and Gabor transform coefficient of thc pixels which corresponds to the nodes of the graph as the attribute of the nodes. This representation fully makes use of the statistical characteristic of the local face feature and utilizes Gabor transform to present the topographical structure of face image. So DAG has more general property.⑥Based on the DAG presentation, we give a DAG matching function and matching algorithm. During the design of the function and algorithm, the noise factor, e. g., lighting, scale and rotation pose are considered and tried to be eliminated. So the algorithm can give more general property.⑦A general face image recognition system is implemented. The experiment show the system can get better recognition performance under the noise surrounding of lighting, scale and rotation pose.

本文在上述研究的基础上，取得了如下主要研究成果：①构造了一个通用的人脸轮廓模型表示，解决了由于人脸图象尺度、旋转等因素而使得仅用单一轮廓表示无法正确提取人脸轮廓的问题，并给出了模型内、外能函数的定义，同时给出了模型的全局与局部匹配算法，实验表明，使用这种表示形式以及匹配算法，能够较好地提取人脸图象的轮廓，可实际用于人脸图象的分割；②深入分析了PCA方法的识别机制，得出不同成象条件下的人脸图象构成不同的人脸图象空间的结论，同时指出这也是造成PCA方法通用性较差的本质原因，并给出了不同人脸空间距离的一种度量方法，使用该度量方法能够直观地对人脸图象空间进行分析；③构造了各种尺度模板、旋转姿势模板以用于探测待识人脸图象的尺度、旋转角度，实验结果表明，探测精确度很高，从而有利于人脸图象特征提取，以及图象的有效表示；④构造了人脸图象的各局部特征模板，用于人脸图象局部特征的探测；同时提出了一种新的人脸图象局部特征探测法---逐步求精定位法，实验结果表明，使用这种方法能够精确地得到人脸图象各局部特征的位置；⑤提出了一种新的人脸图象表示法---双属性图表示法；利用属性图来表示人脸图象，并提取图节点对应图象位置的局部主成分特征系数以及Gabor变换系数作为图节点的属性，这种表示方法充分利用了人脸图象的局部特征的统计特性，并且使用Gabor变换来反映人脸图象的拓扑结构，从而使得双属性图表示法具有较强的通用性；⑥在双属性图表示的基础上，给出双属性图匹配函数及匹配算法，在函数及算法设计过程中，考虑并解决了光照、尺度、旋转姿势变化等因素对人脸图象识别的影响，使得匹配算法具有较强的通用性；⑦设计并实现了一个通用的人脸图象识别系统，实验结果表明，该系统在图象光照、尺度、旋转姿势情况下，得到了较好的识别效果。

The detection and forecast for geological structure ahead of the tunnel and laneway is a very difficult problem in the world. Many applied researches based on the method of the seismic reflection wave have been done in our country from 1990, and many successful practical examples are obtained. At the same time, the detecting methods also have different problems.

自20世纪90年代以来，反射地震波法作为一种主要的超前探测技术在我国国内隧道及井巷工程中取得了诸多成功应用的探测实例，同时在应用中不同探测方法也存在不少问题。

It can fast and movably achieve high-resolution data ac-quisition and data image processing. The physical analogue of common probed-ob-jects and the fie1d observation have proved its good characteristics: strong output power, high prob...

通过对常见探测对象的物理模拟和实地现场测试，验证了仪器的探测性能，说明了整机具有功率大、探测能力强、分辨率高、系统一致性好和高速成像处理等特点。

Our technological equipment is rich, including global satellite positioning system GPS, geological radar meter (SIR-20, EKKO), seismograph, infrared detector (NEC-TH9100), ultrasonoscope, building structure diagnose apparatus, proton magnetometer, atomic absorption apparatus, ion chromatograph, gas chromatography, niton survey meter, and etc.

中心拥有各类先进的检测和探查仪器，如：GPS卫星定位仪、全站仪、数字水准仪、美国SIR-20地质雷达仪、加拿大EKKO地质雷达仪、地震仪、NEC红外热像仪、超声波检测仪、质子磁力仪等物探测量仪器，以及原子吸收仪、离子色谱仪、气相色谱仪、氡气探测仪等化学、放射性检测仪器。同时，不断加大对科研经费的投入，引进和开发地质雷达探测、瞬态面波探测、高密度电法等物理探测、远红外成像检测、GPS动静态定位技术、水土环境监测、研发高难度废水处理工艺、地质灾害防治措施及科技考古技术等新方法。

Compared to traditional test mode,a novel detection sensitivity test mothod based on probability curve is brought forward,the test method and procedure and the data-processing algorithm is represented.

相对于传统直接测试探测灵敏度的方法，提出了基于探测概率曲线的探测灵敏度测试方法，详细阐述了测试方法和步骤以及数据处理方法。

Chang'e-1 creates the seven "firsts" in China's space history: the first to probe the lunar; the first to break through near earth orbit; the first to take pictures for the moon, using stereophotograph to acquire 3-D images; the first to explore elements on the lunar surface; the first to investigate the thickness and distribution of lunar soil, using microwave radiometer; the first to introduce astronomical survey into space instrumentation and command; and the first to use Internet for further space instrumentation and command.

嫦娥一号开创了我国航天史上的七项第一：第一次探测月球；第一次突破地球近地轨道；第一次为月球"画像"，真正用立体相机来获得月球三维影像；第一次探测月球表面元素；第一次利用微波辐射计探测月壤厚度及其分布；第一次在航天器的测控中引入天文测量手段；以及第一次利用国际联网对航天器进行深控。

Most of Chinese GPR have not as good performances as ones abroad. In the paper, the GPR system developed by us employs several optimization techniques to enhance the system performances, including antenna, sampling-hold circuit, orientation wheel, function of system software, multithreading, and signal processing algorithms. As the result the system works more well with these techniques, and its azimuth and distance resolution of 10 cm has been achieved with detection depth of more than 50 cm.

本文根据探地雷达系统工作原理，在电子科技大学探地雷达系统样机研制的基础上采用了各种有效的优化技术，包括探测前端、采样保持电路的优化，定位轮、目标定位、多线程技术的应用，数据采集处理和控制软件功能的拓展、各种有效的信号预处理算法的应用等，显著提高了系统的探测性能和增强了探测效果，使得系统方位、距离分辨率均达到了10cm，探测深度大于50cm，其性能指标达到国外先进水平，为进一步的实用化奠定了重要的基础。

So the technique of uncooled microbolometer infrared imaging has become one of the main points from now on. In the paper uncooled microbolometer infrared imaging system is studied from focal plane character, image dealing and application. The details are in the following: On uncooled microbolometer infrared focal plane aspect: first, the work principle of microbolometer, manufacturing technology of microbolometer infrared focal plane, temperature balance equation of microbolometer detector are analyzed. The performance of microbolometer detector is predicted by model. Second, the infrared focal plane is the core of infrared system, whose quality can determine the performance of the system. It is the precondition that the high quality of every detective unit maintains the qualification of the focal plane. The even degree of detective units has great influence on imaging characters if the other characters of detective units are normal.

本文以非致冷微测辐射热计红外成像系统为对象，从焦平面特性、图像处理和红外系统应用方面展开分析、研究，具体内容如下；在微测辐射热计红外焦平面方面，首先分析了微测辐射热计的工作原理、微测辐射热计红外焦平面的工艺制作、微测辐射热计探测单元的温度平衡方程，根据有关参数对其特性进行建模预测；其次，红外焦平面是红外系统的核心，它的质量的好坏直接决定系统性能，因此保证其各探测单元的高性能是维护焦平面品质的前提，在探测单元其它特性正常的情况下，各探测单元之间特性的均匀程度对系统成像性能有极大影响，为此本文提出自适应滤波多项式焦平面非均匀性校正算法从软件角度解决焦平面的固有的噪声问题。

The geothermal reservoir and cap rock were interpreted.

利用北京大学研制的BD-6型被动式超低频电磁探测仪在京热119井和168井附近布点探测，在探测过程中利用硬件滤波和水平旋转探头方向的方法消除了工频50Hz的部分谐波干扰，同时探测曲线的重复性也非常好，得到了相应井位的超低频电磁探测数据。

A six-wheeled space exploration robot with active configuration function is proposed.

建立了轮式星体探测机器人的抗倾覆性评价模型，对六轮摇臂星体探测机器人和双曲柄滑块探测机器人的抗倾覆性进行分析和比较，提出一种提高自适应悬架机器人移动性能的措施和方法，实现了一种可主动配置的六轮摇臂星体探测机器人。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失