探测的

In this paper, a series of lunar map projection formulas are deduced including azimuthal projections, cylindrical projections and conical projections. The lunar map projections software is compiled. By caculating lunar map projection distortions, their projection distortion rules are found. Base on the lunar exploration mission, the lunar map projection scheme is given in this paper. The azimuthal conformal projection or the circumcenter perspective azimuthal projection is usually used in small areas, especially in two poles. When the whole map of the moon is needed, the azimuthal conformal projection or the circumcenter perspective azimuthal projection is used within 10° in the poles, and the traverse tangent cylindrical conformal projection or the normal secant conical conformal projection can be used in else areas, furthermore, band-division is necessary to reduce the projection distortion.

本文推导了基于月球参考球的各种投影公式，主要包括方位投影、圆柱投影和圆锥投影；编制了月球地图投影计算软件；对多种月球的投影变形进行了详细的计算，总结分析了各种月球投影的变形规律；结合月球探测的需要，给出了月球投影方案的建议：对于局部的面积较小的投影区域，建议使用等角方位投影或外心透视方位投影；如果绘制月面全图，在两极10°范围内采用等角方位投影或外心透视方位投影，其余区域可以采用等角横切圆柱投影和等角正割圆锥投影，并且要进行分带处理。

Both masker and probe were ramped on and off to avoid spectral splatter.

心理物理测量在依据以下情况实行：（1）频率1000赫兹、反应时间20毫秒的探测音其声音位准高于静音临界15分贝(如15分贝的感觉层次)，（2）将反应时间300毫秒的遮蔽音，其位准调整到可听闻试验中75%的探测音(如探测音仍然在其"遮蔽门槛"内)，遮蔽音和探测音两者断断续续地跳动，以避免频谱散射。3。

The characteristics of laser employed in underwater lidar systems and detection method of these systems are taken into account in this investigation. Underwater lidar system's stealthiness is investigated quantitatively by Monte Carlo method.

采用Monte Carlo方法对激光水下探测系统的隐蔽性问题进行了计算和仿真研究，结果表明：降低探测光单脉冲能量、选择有一定环境照度的天气条件、加大水下激光探测系统载具的使用深度等手段可以极大地提高水下激光探测系统的隐蔽性与安全性。

Because its acquirable number of detecting elements is larger, and because its theoretical detecting sensitivity is higher, thin films will be the new generation materials of pyrelectric detecting arrays that have attracted great interest of scientists.

而由薄膜制备的探测阵列更易得到超高探测单元数和理论探测灵敏度，而且其制备工艺与半导体工艺兼容，因此被作为新一代探测阵列受到各国科学家的高度重视。

The theftproof monitoring adopts double-inspection detector which is composed of pyroelectric infrared sensor and microwave sensor. And fireproof monitoring adopts temperature sensor and carbon monoxide sensor.

在本监测系统的前端探测器中，盗情监测采用的是热释电红外探测和微波探测，而火情监测则采用温度探测和CO探测。

According to the energy conservation theory, BOM and CSIM4 were coupled. The BOM has no treatment on transmission solar radiation, which is of great importance when the model is adapted to Arctic Ocean. So the treatment was introduced to BOM. Through numerical test on different lead albedos, it was found that sea ice thickness is not so sensitive to lead albedo, which may be contribute to the lead occupies little ratio within multiyear sea ice pack. The reason of summer over-melt of arctic sea ice is the NCEP reanalysis downward solar radiation being larger than its reality. Then the arctic sea ice climate variability was simulated. Results showed that: simulated ice thickness change is in accord with the submarine investigated mean sea-ice draft changes. Simulated annually maximum ice thickness along the Eurasian continental oceans are closely related to the observed ones. The long-term mean simulated ice motion has the same features of the SSM/I derived ice motion. Sea ice extents in differential sub-regions have same trends comparing to the satellite passive-microwave data derived ones. Simulated ice concentration is closely related to the observed in the Arctic sub-regions. Sea ice flux through the Fram Strait involves ice concentration, motion and thickness. It is a composite criterion for sea ice model evaluation. The simulated ice area and volume export through the strait accord with the satellite derived or statistically reconstructed ones.(5) The simulated ice thickness climate variability and mean sea surface current of the coupled model were analyzed, results showed: the total ice volume in the Arctic Ocean has a significant decreasing trend. The volume variability is of a 10-year timescale oscillation, with two major periods of 12-13a and 18-20a. Mean ice thickness in the arctic sub-seas has different tendencies. It has an increasing trend in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea, and decreasing in the others. The characteristic time scale of 7-10a wherein the river discharges leads the Fram Strait ice volume export is about the period that river water takes to be conveyed across the Arctic Ocean.(6) Using the simulated ice distribution in the Arctic Ocean and China precipitation, air temperature and SST in tropical key regions, the climate teleconnection were studied. Result showed: When the mean sea ice thickness is large in the central Arctic Ocean and Chukchi-Beaufort Sea , and small in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea , the precipitation in South China, Tibetan Plateau, and the north part of Northeastern China are always smaller than normal, and v. v. When the mean ice thickness is small in CA, BC, East Siberian Sea and Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Sea , and large in BL, The air temperature in north-eastern China, the southern of Tibetan Plateau, and Hainan Island, are always lower than normal, and v. v. In addition, when the sea ice is thick in BC and BL, the SST is larger in the middle and eastern Pacific Ocean, and is smaller in the tropical Southeastern Indian Ocean.

由于BOM没有考虑透射太阳辐射的物理过程，研究表明透射太阳辐射对北冰洋的能量收支起到重要作用，因此在BOM模式中引入了对透射太阳辐射的处理；通过对不同水道反照率的数值试验表明海冰厚度对水道反照率的敏感性不强，可能与海冰区水道面积占的比率很小有关；而模式模拟的北极海冰夏季&过度融化&主要源于NCEP再分析资料提供了偏大的太阳短波辐射；对北极海冰的气候变率进行了模拟研究，结果表明：模拟的海冰厚度变化与潜艇探测的海冰吃深度变化具有一致性；模拟和观测的亚欧大陆沿海的年内最大海冰厚度有很好的相关；模拟的海冰移速与长期平均的卫星反演的海冰移速具有相同的速度分布特征；模拟的各个海区海冰面积的变化趋势与卫星反演资料分析的结果基本一致；模拟与观测的主要海洋分区的海冰密集度具有很好的相关：弗瑞姆海峡的海冰体积和面积的输送涉及到海冰密集度、厚度和移动速度，是判断模式模拟能力的一个综合的指标，模式模拟的结果与卫星反演或重建的面积输送、体积输送具有很好的一致性；(5)分析了模拟的北极海冰厚度的气候变率及气候平均表层海流场，结果表明：北极海冰的总体积有显著减少的趋势，北极海冰总体积的变化具有10a际尺度振荡的特点，存在18-20a和12-13a两个主周期；北极海冰的平均厚度在各个海区的变化趋势不同，在巴伦支—喀拉海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海地区海冰厚度有显著的增加趋势，而其它海区存在减少的趋势；通过对模拟的气候平均表层海流的分析表明，北极河流流量超前弗瑞姆海峡海冰流量7-10年的特征时间尺度与表层海流的气候分布存在着必然联系：(6)利用模拟结果以及中国降水、气温和热带关键区SST资料，讨论了北极各海区海冰平均厚度与中国降水、气温以及热带关键区SST的关系，结果表明：在北极中心海区和楚科奇—波弗特海海冰厚度偏大，在巴伦支—喀拉海以及巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏小，则中国降水在华南地区、青藏高原和东北北部降水偏少，反之相反；在北极中心海区、东西伯利亚海、楚科奇—波弗特海以及格陵兰海海冰厚度偏小，在巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大，则在中国东北地区、高原南部地区和海南岛附近气温偏低，反之相反；另外，北极楚科奇—波弗特海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大时，在热带中东太平洋海温偏高，而在热带东南印度洋海温偏低。

Aspirating fire detection system with high sensitive is developing fast in the world.Wind- speed measurement is one of key technology of these systems.

前 言吸气式感烟探测报警系统是继点型感烟探测报警系统之后的一种新型火灾探测系统。

Using the innovative design method based on mechanism combination, taken four-wheeled, six-wheeled and eight-wheeled space-exploring robot as research object,we have got as many as sventy new kinds of isomorphic combination localmotion platforms and one hundred and sixty five new kinds of isomerous combination locomotion platforms.

以四轮、六轮和八轮空间探测机器人为研究对象，采用基于构形组合的空间探测机器人设计方法，得到70种新型同构组合空间探测机器人移动机构和165种新型异构组合空间探测机器人移动机构。

Based on the evaluation model of space exploring robots'mobility, two-crank-slider mechanic lunar rover and six-wheel- rocker-bogie lunar rover were simulated, analyzed and optimized respectively to obtain their optimal parameters.

基于空间探测机器人移动性评价模型，对双曲柄滑块探测机器人和六轮摇臂探测机器人的各项移动性能分别进行了仿真、分析和优化，得到了两种探测机器人的优化参数。

The simulation results show that the driving placidity, terrain-adaptability, steering sensitivity of the two-crank-slider lunar rover is better than that of six-wheel- rocker-bogie lunar rover, the over-obstacle ability is equal to and the untipover stability is inferior to that of six-wheel- rocker-bogie lunar rover.

仿真结果显示：双曲柄滑块探测机器人的平顺性、地面适应性、转向灵敏度优于六轮摇臂探测机器人，越障性能与六轮摇臂探测机器人相当，抗倾覆性不如六轮摇臂探测机器人。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失