排列

In addition to the four numeric place positions, there are three zone bit positions in a 7-bit code, and four zone bit positions in an 8-bit code: The 7-bit American Standard Code for Information Interchange is widely used in data communications work and is by far the most popular code used to represent data internally in personal computers.

因为64种可能的位排列仍不能满足十进制数（10个）、小写字母（26个）、大写字母（26个）和大量的其它字符（26个以上）编码的需要，所以设计者将6位BCD码扩充到7位和8位。7位二进制数可以提供128种不I司的排列(2 ')；8位二进制数可以有256种排列（2）。

After comparing the two type of tests,we came to some conclusions.The tests based on binomial test can be regarded as some kind of permutation tests under certain definition of "permutaton".If the tests are related to statistics,then whether they can be viewed as permutation tests depends on if the value of the probability,p,is known where p is the population parameter in the null hypothesis.For tests like Kolmogorov goodness-of-fit test,since the statistics is calculated based on empirical distribution function,hence no matter how we repermutate the observations,the order statistics is the same.This kind of tests can't be regarded as permutation tests.

我们得到的结论为：在一般的无母数检定中，如果检定与binomial test相关，基本上都可以视作排列检定的一种；与卡方检定相关的检定，基本上和p值已知或是未知有关，这个p值为原始假设下所要检定的母体机率值；其他检定如Kolmogorov goodness-of-fit test，由於统计量的值是根据empirical distribution function决定，而不论如何重新排列样本，其顺序统计量都不变，所以无法视为一种排列检定。

This article studies the Microsoft Game-Freecell. It applies the Pigeonhole Principle, Ramsey Principle, Bipartite Graphs Principle to approve the maximum available space to complete the game successfully under random sorting. It introduces the specific algorithms that can archive the goal successfully under the game rules. It also presents the calculation of permutation under this algorithm by adopting the Mobius Inversion and Inclusion-Exclusion principle.

本文从Microsoft Windows 中的空档接龙游戏出发，依据组合数学中的鸽巢原理、Ramsey定理、二分图理论等，部分证明了随机生成排列的情况下，完成空档接龙游戏目标的可用空间极值；提出了一种遵守游戏规则、又可以保证完成游戏目标的生成排列算法，并利用莫比乌斯反演、容斥原理计算该生成排列算法的生成排列数。

Based on the theory proposed by Alkhalifah, that is the reflection wave is determined by normal moveout velocity V of short-spread and anisotropic parameter η under the condition of long-spread data of vertical and lateral isotropic media and non-hyperbolic curve, a method for long-spread data velocity analysis is studied. A 2 step scanning method is used for the hyperbolic and dual parameter scanning of long-spread data.

根据Alkhalifah提出的垂直横向各向同性介质长排列情况下反射波走时由短排列的正常时差速度v和各向异性参数η确定，并具有非双曲线形式的理论，研究了针对长排列数据的速度分析方法，通过2步扫描方法实现了长排列数据的非双曲线双参数扫描。

If the sequence is already in the last permutation, then next_permutation reorders the sequence to be the lowest permutation and returns false. Otherwise, it transforms the input sequence into the next permutation, which is the lexicographically next ordered sequence and returns true.

如果序列已经是在最后一个排列中，则 next_permutation 将序列重新排列为最低排列并返回 false；否则，它将输入序列变换为下一个排列，即字典序的下一个排列，并返回 true。

To avoid the permutable model of protein, the 43 Table of Triplet Codes Given by F.H.C.Crick in 1969 is in fact that one group of permutations versus the permutation elements in another group of permutations , which is a typical wrong application and a wrong calculation.

Crick 43 遗传密码表回避蛋白质分子的排列组合模型问题，根据氨基酸种类数20 和 DNA 上碱基种类数 4进行对四元素选三元素的排列组合计算建立" DNA ～蛋白质"间的一一对应，本质上是排列组合应用中一组排列组合对应另一组排列组合的具体元素。

To avoid the permutable model of protein, the 43 Table of Triplet Codes Given by F.H.C.Crick in 1969 is in fact that one group of permutations versus the permutation elements in another group of permutations , which is a typical wrong application and a wrong calculation.

Crick 43 遗传密码表回避蛋白质分子的排列组合模型问题，根据氨基酸种类数20 和 DNA 上碱基种类数 4进行对四元素选三元素的排列组合计算建立& DNA ～蛋白质&间的一一对应，本质上是排列组合应用中一组排列组合对应另一组排列组合的具体元素。

Two array fashions, hexagonal and square arrays of the colloids were observed by SEM images.

同时在所制备的胶体晶体中观察到了四方排列和六方排列两种排列方式，分析了这两种排列的转化主要是受温度和胶体晶体中缺陷的影响。

The cutting pattern and load curves of cutting process of the two cutting heads were given by computer simulation, which showed that the cutting performance of the cutting head with pick arrangement based on equal-rise-angle spiral line was good because of its reasonable pick cut, its uniform cutting pattern and the small value and the fluctuation of its load.

为了评价利用等螺旋升角进行截齿排列设计的截割头的截割性能，选用了一个实际的截割头进行比较，通过计算机仿真获得两个截割头截割过程的切屑图和载荷曲线，经比较分析表明，用等螺旋升角排列截齿的截割头截槽合理，各段切屑图均匀，载荷大小及其波动较小，截割性能良好，所以用等螺旋升角排列截齿是一种高效、实用的截齿排列方法。

Results 1、 Generally, we can see the original blue and white, shiny, no cracks in the articular surface of the cartilage after the stress increases gradually yellow, surface roughness, cracks appear; when the pressure decreases, the yellowing, rough, the color of the fracture restore gradually and become shiny.2、the shiny smooth surface can be seen under a light microscope, formation, cell distribution, tidy, clear the level of cartilage at the articular surface stress increases, the surface roughness changes, defects, disordered cells, uneven dyeing ; when the articular surface of the pressure gradually decreased, the cartilage gradually repair and the surface of cells at the surface appear only disorder.3、immunohistochemical observation can be seen throughout the observation period, cartilage cells are type Ⅱ collagen expression and expression after 3 weeks gradually weakening, when the seventh week begin to strong gradually.4、 electron microscopy shows that when stress increases the articular surface, the cartilage cells became flat, the cytoplasm in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus decreased with collagen disorders; and when stress decreases the articular surface, cartilage cells gradually returned normal, cytoplasm in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body gradually restore quantity; collagen fibers with a gradual rules.

结果：①大体观察可见到原本蓝白色、有光泽、无裂纹的软骨在关节面压力增大后，逐渐呈灰黄色，表面粗糙，出现裂隙；当压力逐渐减小后，变黄、粗糙、有裂隙的软骨颜色逐渐恢复，变得有光泽②光镜下可见表面光滑、平整，细胞分布均匀、整齐，层次清楚的软骨在关节面压力增大后，表面变粗糙、缺损，细胞排列紊乱、染色不均；当关节面压力逐渐减小后，软骨表面逐渐修复，细胞仅在表层排列紊乱③免疫组织化学观察可见整个观察期内软骨细胞胞浆内均有Ⅱ型胶原表达，术后3周内表达逐渐变弱，从第7周时开始逐渐变强。④电镜下可见当关节面压力增大后，软骨细胞逐渐变扁，胞质中内质网膜、高尔基体减少，胶原排列紊乱；当关节面压力减小，软骨细胞形态逐渐恢复正常，胞质中内质网膜、高尔基体数量逐渐恢复；胶原纤维排列逐渐有规则。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。