授粉

However, among zygomorphic Gesneriaceae species, some species have evolved from zygomorphy back to actinomorphy.

相较於辐射对称花，两侧对称花常具专一传粉者并有较高的授粉效率，故其种化速度亦常较前者来得快。

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) belongs to the typical allogamy, and the sampling strategies are closely related to its molecular genetic diversity analysis.

紫花苜蓿为异花授粉植物，其DNA多态性研究的取样策略与遗传多样性分析直接相关。

Common buckwheat ( F. esculentum ) is an allogamy crop, which is heterogony. There is heterogeneity in the species. To reveal the genetic diversity within cultivar population, In order to explore the sampling strategy that can reveal genetic diversity of buckwheat resources on the molecular level. PCR with intron-splice junction primers and long random primers was employed to reveal the genetic diversity within nine common buckwheat varieties and one tartary buckwheat cultivar population among different individuals. We established the sampling strategy in its genetic diversity study. Then we used the established sampling strategy, and the same PCR markers technique,to analysis the genetic diversity of 86 common buckwheat resources, the main results are as follows

甜荞是花柱异长自交不亲和的异花授粉作物，品种内存在一定的异质性，为了准确揭示甜荞遗传资源的遗传多样性，本研究采用因子分析法对86份甜荞遗传资源农艺性状数据进行分析；采用长随机引物和内含子切接点引物的PCR分子标记技术，对9个甜荞品种和1个苦荞品种不同个体间的遗传多样性进行了分析，建立了甜荞资源遗传多样性研究的取样策略；并利用建立的取样策略，采用PCR标记技术，对这86份甜荞资源的遗传多样性进行了分析，取得如下主要结果

The A type varied flowers with umbrella-inflorescence shape in female syconia affected pollination by fig wasps in normal female flowers, required more nutrients and growth space, and affected growth and development of normal female flowers. With a large number of type A flowers, unpollinated female syconia show delayed litter fall or hanging on the trees and loss of nutrients.

雌花序中伞形花序状的A型变异花影响传粉小蜂对正常雌花的授粉，与正常雌花争夺养分和生长空间从而影响正常雌花的生长发育，大量A型变异花的存在使未授粉的雌花序延迟凋落或挂树不落，造成养分流失。

A type variation flowers with umbrella-inflorescence-shape in female syconia affected the normal female flowers be pollinated by fig wasps, affected growth and development of normal female flowers for contesting nutrients and growth space. Being a great deal of A type variated flowers, unpollinated syconia were delay or not to fall, and resulted that the nutrient run off.

雌花序中伞形花序状的A型变异花影响传粉小蜂对正常雌花的授粉，与正常雌花争夺养分与生长空间影响正常雌花生长发育，大量A型变异花的存在使未授粉雌花序延迟凋落或挂树不落，造成养分的流失。

But the crossing combination of Asiatic hybrids ×Oriental hybrids and Longiflorum hybrids ×Oriental hybrids were not easy to success, there were two reasons: one was male parent was unfit for female parent, the other was cut-style pollination was unfit for these crossing combination, must used another method of pollination to try it again.

以亚洲百合为母本、东方百合为父本的杂交组合和以麝香百合为母本、东方百合为父本的杂交组合，座果率极低，推测有两种可能的原因：一是，所选父本的花粉对母本的亲合性较差；二是，切割柱头授粉的方法不适合于这些组合，应进行其它授粉方法的试验。

When the perfect flowers were isolated and with no hand-pollination the fruit-setting rate of them was 67%,in which 60% had well-developed seeds. The purity of seed could reach 86.4% by spontaneous pollination on the perfect flowers whose stamens wrapped up stigmas.

两性花隔离后不进行人工辅助授粉的座果率为67％，其中有60％的果实有发育正常的种子；选择雄蕊将柱头基本包裹的两性花自由授粉，种子的纯度可达86.4％。

The fruit set percentages were 71.1%~76.0% and 72.0%~78.4% respectively with hand-pollination either in the morning or afternoon two weeks after pollination, which were significantly higher than that of natural-pollination (6.7%).

上午或下午，从花药要到傍晚才自然裂开的花上人工提取花粉，授在花瓣呈半张开的花上，授粉后2周的坐果率分别为71.1%~76.0%和72.0%~78.4%，显著地高于自然授粉的坐果率(6.7%)。

He describes the effective pollination periodas the longevity of the ovules minus the time lag between pollination and fertilization.

他把有效的授粉阶段描述为胚珠的寿命减去授粉和受精之间的时间段。

Finally, the case studies on suitable conservation sample size of self-pollinated and open-pollinated populations were given for reference.

文末给出了自花授粉植物和异花授粉植物群体适宜样本容量研究的个例。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。