损害赔偿之诉

Action in Assumpsit: action to recover damages for breach of an oral or written promise to perform or pay pursuant to a contract.

在损害赔偿之诉的行动：行动为口头或者书面诺言的裂口复原损害依照一份契约运行或者支付。

There are two opinions in academic circles: first, marriage is contract, the claim of compensation for mental damage in divorce is an action of assumpsit's; second, because of marrying, the couple have consortium, the wrongful act on one spouse that violates consortium is tort liability, so the aggrieved party can claim the compensation for mental damage in divorce.

学界对此的观点有二：其一，婚姻是民事契约，离婚损害赔偿请求权是基于当事人违反婚姻契约义务而提起的违约之诉；其二，夫妻因缔结婚姻而相互享有配偶身份权，夫妻一方实施了法定过错行为就是对另一方配偶权的侵犯，因而受害方配偶可以要求精神损害赔偿。

The compensation under Warsaw Convention System involves the divarication as to the causes of action in Common Law legislation, particularly in USA.

华沙公约体系之下的国际航空运输损害赔偿问题涉及到了普通法系国家的诉因之争。

The concept of the incidence relation and the compensation responsibilities of the affiliated parties, provided clearly by the company law for the first time, are the basis for this research.

公司法首次明确了关联关系的概念和关联方对公司的损害赔偿责任，这是研究关联交易纠纷之诉的基础。

The concept of the incidence relation and the compensation responsibilities of the affiliated parties, provided clearly by the company law forthe first time, are the basis for this research.

公司法首次明确了关联关系的概念和关联方对公司的损害赔偿责任，这是研究关联交易纠纷之诉的基础。

This article is mainly a discussion on the spiritual damage compensation for close relatives of victim under the situations of damage to right of life, damage to the right of health and damage to the right of personality of the dead, which is based on an introduction and comparison of the concerned foreign legal regulations and academic theories and in combination with the legal practice in China Wherefore the author put forwards his own ideas as following: first, Under the condition that there is a distance of time between injury and death, the close relatives of the dead shall inherit the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation of the dead for the suffering before his death, in addition to their own intrinsic right of claim for spiritual damage compensation; The second, under the condition that the inflictor has caused the disablement of the sufferer or serious damage to his health, the close relative in a limited cycle of the sufferer should be granted with the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation, which is confirmed in law and becomes a practice in foreign countries; The third, since the aim of the law to protect the personality of the dead from infringement is to protect the benefits of the close relatives of the dead and to maintain public benefits, is constituted on the personality of the dead the close relative of the dead may initial legal proceeding for spiritual damage compensation.

探讨以介绍和比较国外相关法律规定和学术理论为前提，结合我国的实际情况，从理论与实践相结合的角度对以上各问题分别进行了分析，并提出了作者自己的一些见解：第一、在公民从受伤害到死亡有一段时间距离的情形下，死者的近亲属除依法享有其固有的精神损害赔偿请求权以外，还可以继承死者生前就其所受之精神损害而享有的精神损害赔偿请求权；第二、在加害人的行为已造成直接受害人残疾，或者是造成其健康严重受损的其他后果的情形下，我国应在借鉴国外已有立法和判例的基础上，赋予一定范围内的受害人近亲属以精神损害赔偿请求权；第三、法律保护死者人格不受侵害的目的是为了保护死者近亲属的利益和维护公共利益，一般情形下，只要死者近亲属能证明其诉讼主体的合法性，能够证实侵害"死者人格"的行为已构成侵权，即可推定死者近亲属因此而遭受了精神痛苦——无须举证的"名义上的精神损害"，死者近亲属即可提起精神损害赔偿之诉。

The various psychologies of the parties involved should be settled by the infiltration of legal culture, which is a systematic project.

对于&精神损害赔偿&之诉中各方当事人复杂心态则需要法律文化的渗透，是一项系统工程。

This article is mainly a discussion on the spiritual damage compensation for close relatives of victim under the situations of damage to right of life, damage to the right of health and damage to the right of personality of the dead, which is based on an introduction and comparison of the concerned foreign legal regulations and academic theories and in combination with the legal practice in China Wherefore the author put forwards his own ideas as following: first, Under the condition that there is a distance of time between injury and death, the close relatives of the dead shall inherit the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation of the dead for the suffering before his death, in addition to their own intrinsic right of claim for spiritual damage compensation; The second, under the condition that the inflictor has caused the disablement of the sufferer or serious damage to his health, the close relative in a limited cycle of the sufferer should be granted with the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation, which is confirmed in law and becomes a practice in foreign countries; The third, since the aim of the law to protect the personality of the dead from infringement is to protect the benefits of the close relatives of the dead and to maintain public benefits, is constituted on the personality of the dead the close relative of the dead may initial legal proceeding for spiritual damage compensation.

探讨以介绍和比较国外相关法律规定和学术理论为前提，结合我国的实际情况，从理论与实践相结合的角度对以上各问题分别进行了分析，并提出了作者自己的一些见解：第一、在公民从受伤害到死亡有一段时间距离的情形下，死者的近亲属除依法享有其固有的精神损害赔偿请求权以外，还可以继承死者生前就其所受之精神损害而享有的精神损害赔偿请求权；第二、在加害人的行为已造成直接受害人残疾，或者是造成其健康严重受损的其他后果的情形下，我国应在借鉴国外已有立法和判例的基础上，赋予一定范围内的受害人近亲属以精神损害赔偿请求权；第三、法律保护死者人格不受侵害的目的是为了保护死者近亲属的利益和维护公共利益，一般情形下，只要死者近亲属能证明其诉讼主体的合法性，能够证实侵害&死者人格&的行为已构成侵权，即可推定死者近亲属因此而遭受了精神痛苦——无须举证的&名义上的精神损害&，死者近亲属即可提起精神损害赔偿之诉。

It is unfair that the laws rejected the embryo,s claims for damages. If the embryo was damaged when the medicals and doctors did not find the abnormal situations .The article analysed the legal case in other countries. As well as ,researched the jurisprudence of the wrong of action.

如果胎儿在其受孕过程中由于医疗机构和产前服务人员的过失未发现胎儿的异常而致生而残障的情况下，不让其对受到的损害享有赔偿请求权，对其将是不公平，文章比较国外错误生命之诉的立法例，探究其权益的法理基础。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。