损害赔偿

The articled is cusses abort our country's spiritual compensations the concept feature of spiritual injury compensation suitable area to value the amount of compensation.

本文从精神损害赔偿的意义、性质与功能；适用范围；数额确定；现行立法的缺陷及完善办法四大方面阐述我国精神损害赔偿制度。

There are two opinions in academic circles: first, marriage is contract, the claim of compensation for mental damage in divorce is an action of assumpsit's; second, because of marrying, the couple have consortium, the wrongful act on one spouse that violates consortium is tort liability, so the aggrieved party can claim the compensation for mental damage in divorce.

学界对此的观点有二：其一，婚姻是民事契约，离婚损害赔偿请求权是基于当事人违反婚姻契约义务而提起的违约之诉；其二，夫妻因缔结婚姻而相互享有配偶身份权，夫妻一方实施了法定过错行为就是对另一方配偶权的侵犯，因而受害方配偶可以要求精神损害赔偿。

Firstly, the author starts with the basic theories of limitation of liability for maritime claims, giving descriptions of the concept of limitation of liability for maritime claims, its generation and development, its basic content and its connection with the unit limitation of liability. Basing on which and by comparing with the principle of full compensation of the traditional system of liability for civil damages, the author analyzes the unique principle of limited compensation of the system of limitation of liability for maritime claims and acknowledges the positive role such principle takes in the carriage by sea, international trade, marine insurance and salvage at sea.

首先，笔者从海事赔偿责任限制的基本理论入手，对海事赔偿责任限制的概念、形成和发展、基本内容及其与单位赔偿责任限制的关系进行了阐述；并在此基础上，通过对比传统民事损害赔偿制度的全面赔偿原则，分析了海事赔偿责任限制所特有的限制赔偿原则，并肯定了这一特点对海上运输、国际贸易、海上保险、海上救助的积极作用。

The subject of damage compensational responsibility of traffic accident of motor vehicles in direct liability It is a common situation to assume responsibility according to the direct liability in traffic accident, namely the owner and the driver of the vehicle are consistent.

一直接责任形态下的机动车交通事故损害赔偿主体机动车交通事故中按直接责任承担损害赔偿的是一般的情况，即机动车所有人与驾驶人一致时的情况。

2001 through Marriage Law of the People's Republic of China the bill for amendment, increases the divorce mistake damage compensate system to take its 46th, in the legislation establishes the divorce mistake damage compensate system for the first time, has filled the divorce system's legislative blank, regarding the maintenance conjugal family relations, protects citizen's in conjugal family legitimate rights and interests, as well as to our country Marriage law the consummation has the great significance.

2001通过的《中华人民共和国婚姻法》修正案，增加离婚过错损害赔偿制度作为其第四十六条，立法上首次确立离婚过错损害赔偿制度，填补了离婚制度的立法空白，对于维护婚姻家庭关系，保护公民在婚姻家庭中的合法权益，以及对我国《婚姻法》的完善具有重大意义。

The establishment of divorce compensation for damage regulation in marriage law is a sign of further perfection of our country's compensation for damage regulation.

离婚损害赔偿制度在婚姻法中的确立，标志着我国损害赔偿制度的进一步完善。

The system of compensation for damage in divorce is a new emendation for divorce that is established by the current revised Marriage Law in China.

所以，离婚损害赔偿制度对当事人的意义在于获得精神上的损害赔偿，以此来尽可能地抚慰身心，开始新的生活。

Defamation, claims for aggravated and/or exemplary damages.

不仅如此，信中还声称："由于您一手策动了这次抹黑运动，所以除了对您的诽谤行为提出控告之外，我们的客户完全有理由向您提出加重性损害赔偿和惩戒性损害赔偿。"

On the basis of General Rule of Civil Law and its related provisions on judicial explanation puhlicized by the supreme judicial organ,the paper goes on the issues such as the necessity of the compensation to mental damages in medical accidents,the mustbe followed principles,the compensation bound and the entity who exert the Appeal Right,which contributes to the practice of the prescript of Rule on protecting the legal rights of impairer in medical damages and his relatives as well.

以《民法通则》以及最高司法机关发布的相关司法解释的规定为依据，对医疗事故精神损害赔偿的必要性、应遵循的原则、赔偿的范围以及行使请求权的主体等问题进行论述，使《条例》关于保护医疗损害受害人及其亲属的合法权益的规定在社会生活中得以贯彻和实施。

The subject of this article is the legal system pertaining to the indemnitor in respect of loss of life or personal injury at sea or in navigable waters or on some particuar places, in which the person liable is held to indemnity for damage to the right of life or health occurred in the activities of operation or management or service relavant the ship or sea.

本文所探讨的海上人身伤亡损害赔偿是指权利人在海上、与海相通的可航水域或与海密切相关的特定处所的经营、管理或服务活动中生命权、健康权受到损害，由责任人给予赔偿的法律制度。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷