损害赔偿

The chapter gives analysis on the concept of mental damage and the concept, internal construction, function and characteristic of mental damage compensation. The author thinks that mental damage means mental pain or mental benefit incurrence which illegal behavior inflicts on civil subjects, the essence of mental damage is the demage to metal legal interest in civil subjects,civil rights and other civil legal rights; Mental damage compensation means legal liability in the form of property because illegal behavior inflicts mental pain or mental benefit incurrence on civil subjects.

第一章：精神损害赔偿涵义及功能的分析与认识本章分别就精神损害的内涵和精神损害赔偿的涵义、内在结构及功能、特征作了分析，笔者主张精神损害的内涵实质，就是对民事主体民事权利和其他合法民事权益中精神法益的损害，其最终表现形式或者说结果是精神痛苦和精神利益的丧失或减损。

The injurer notonly injures the body, health and life of the injured, butalso hurts the spirits of the injured by conducting theinjury intentionally or negligently.The spiritual compensationfor personal injury should apply fault liability principle andappropriately limited principle.

人身损害的精神赔偿应当适用过错责任原则和适当限制原则；适用对象应当是在人身损害中依法享有精神损害赔偿请求权利的直接受害人和间接受害人；精神损害赔偿金的标准，可以依据经鉴定的伤残等级，确定一个限额幅范围；赔偿金以多次支付为原则，有条件的一次性支付为例外。

The value might lie anywhere on the scale between extreme unlikelihood, which would give the deduction a minimal value, to virtual certainty , which would mean that it would be assessed at the figure very close to that which would be reached if one made the definite assumption that the contingency would occur.

鉴于违约赔偿的目的在于赔偿受害方实际遭受的损失，而非使其获益，贵族院最终判决只要在损害赔偿额实际开始计算前明确发生的因素，即使其在违约当时并不确定，也仍然可以作为影响损害赔偿计算的因素。

Announce according to top people court " about hearing person damages case applicable law the explanation of a certain number of problems " regulation, road, bridge, channel wait for what build artificially to because safeguard,build thing, administrative flaw sends a person to damage; Pile up article boils fall, slide or pile up content collapse sends a person to damage; Arboreous dump, break off or fructification falls send what the person damages to perhaps manage a person to assume liability to pay compensation by everybody, but the exception that can prove oneself do not have fault.

根据最高人民法院公布《关于审理人身损害赔偿案件适用法律若干问题的解释》规定，道路、桥梁、隧道等人工建造的构筑物因维护、治理瑕疵致人损害的；堆放物品滚落、滑落或者堆放物倒塌致人损害的；树木倾倒、折断或者果实坠落致人损害的由所有人或者治理人承担赔偿责任，但能够证实自己没有过错的除外。

We should base on our country's situation, together with b eneficial experience of foreign countries, continuingly study and develop our in surance police for compensation of mental damage in the light of theory stud y and practice implement.

本文在阐述开展精神损害赔偿保险工作必要性的基础上，对影响或制约精神损害赔偿保险制度建设的因素进行分析，最后提出加强精神损害赔偿制度建设的措施。

In the fourth part of the thesis, the writer has an explorative discussion about these questions.

如《民法通则》与环境法的有关规定不完全一致，损害赔偿范围中缺乏精神损害赔偿的规定，本文在第四部分，对环境侵权损害赔偿的法理和司法实践的一系列问题进行了探索性的论述。

One, conventional damages clause and time limit for a project procrastinate period clause of amerce agreement damages results from the standard condition of FIDIC contract, it is to show the party both sides when the contract is signed agrees one party break a contact should pay the computation of fine the means to another, time limit for a project procrastinates period the example that fine even if agrees damages is relatively typical, it maintains owner interest.

一、约定损害赔偿条款与工期拖期罚款约定损害赔偿条款源于FIDIC合同的标准条件，是指在合同签定时的当事人双方约定一方违约应向另一方支付罚金的计算方法，工期拖期罚款就是约定损害赔偿较为典型的例子，它是维护业主利益的。

This thesis has done research in the innovation of the techniques of compensation for nervous shock and holds that a dynamic compensation model in which the obligation of compensation should be shifted from the single inflictor to the society by integration of and also by exploring the potential legal functions of concurrent social security system, insurance system as well as funds management corporations' system.

本文着重从理论上研究了精神损害赔偿技术的革新，主张以现有的社会保障制度，商业保险制度和基金管理公司制度相互整合并挖掘它们潜在的司法价值进而将精神损害赔偿由加害人完全承担转向社会负担，建立精神损害动态赔偿模型。

Since our Natioanal Compensation Law does not exclude 'public hospital', due to torte, will pay compensation to citizens, juridical persons and other organizations when their legal rights are damaged, even with the current law, torte and injury compensation for public units should have no obstacles when brought into national compensation.

我国的国家赔偿法律法规并没有明确排斤&公立医院&由於侵权给公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益造成损害的在国家赔偿范围内考虑。即便在目前的法律框架内，公立公益单位的侵权损害赔偿纳入国家赔偿也并没有法律障碍。

In the third part of this chapter, after introducing the theories and reasons about the base of the right to allege the compensation for damages, the author supports that the base of the right to allege the compensation for damages is breach of contract, and because of reacquainting of the object of contract rescission, this theory resolves the logical contradiction of traditional theory, gives attention to the values of the logicality and justice of law.

本章第三节中，在介绍了关于合同解除损害赔偿请求权基础的各种理论及理由后，笔者支持合同解除后损害赔偿的请求权性质是债务不履行的损害赔偿，并因为重新认识合同解除的标的，解决了传统理论中法律逻辑的矛盾，兼顾了法律逻辑和正义诉求双方面的价值。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷