损害赔偿

The writer deems that this issue should be envisaged, the impairment compensation responsibility of connubial tort and the impairment compensation responsibility of divorcements should be clarified, and further deal well with the concurrence issue of entreatment rights; ascertain the sort of impairment compensation of connubial tort, and grasp the applying condition, thereby build the connubial impairment compensation system which being adapt-able to our country's state situation.

笔者认为，应正视这一问题，厘清婚内侵权损害赔偿责任与离婚损害赔偿责任，处理好请求权的竞合问题；明确婚内侵权损害赔偿行为的类型，把握适用条件，从而构建适合我国国情的婚内损害赔偿制度。

The aim of this research papers is to illuminate that the spirit damage indemnity can be found in liability of breach faith, and it is necessary to involve this item of indemnity liability in liability of breach faithThis thesis has five parts:In the first part, the basic knowledge of spirit damage and spirit damage indemnity is introduced, that the core of the spirit damage is the detraction and forfeit of the spirit benefit is indicated and analyzed, breach of faith spirit damage indemnity means a liability form to compensate for the detraction and forfeit of the objective spirit benefit by the payment of money to the non-default side.

本论文研究的目的在于说明精神损害赔偿可以存在于违约责任之中，而且违约责任中有必要包含该项赔偿责任。本论文共分为五部分：第一部分是关于精神损害及精神损害赔偿的基本理论介绍，分析指出精神损害的核心是精神利益的减损与丧失。违约精神损害赔偿是指通过给付金钱于非违约方的方式，对客观存在的精神利益的减损或丧失进行赔偿的责任形式。

We should add, however, that our primary focus will be on exemplary damages, having already canvassed a number of issues with regard to restitutionary damages in an earlier article in this journal.A few additional issues with respect to restitutionary damages do arise, however, and we will consider them briefly.

我们还应补充说，不过，我们的首要重点将是对惩戒性的损害赔偿，它已经收集到的一些问题就赔偿性损害赔偿在早先的文章中，这journal.a数增发方面赔偿性y损害赔偿的出现，然而，我们会考虑他们一下。

This article is mainly a discussion on the spiritual damage compensation for close relatives of victim under the situations of damage to right of life, damage to the right of health and damage to the right of personality of the dead, which is based on an introduction and comparison of the concerned foreign legal regulations and academic theories and in combination with the legal practice in China Wherefore the author put forwards his own ideas as following: first, Under the condition that there is a distance of time between injury and death, the close relatives of the dead shall inherit the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation of the dead for the suffering before his death, in addition to their own intrinsic right of claim for spiritual damage compensation; The second, under the condition that the inflictor has caused the disablement of the sufferer or serious damage to his health, the close relative in a limited cycle of the sufferer should be granted with the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation, which is confirmed in law and becomes a practice in foreign countries; The third, since the aim of the law to protect the personality of the dead from infringement is to protect the benefits of the close relatives of the dead and to maintain public benefits, is constituted on the personality of the dead the close relative of the dead may initial legal proceeding for spiritual damage compensation.

探讨以介绍和比较国外相关法律规定和学术理论为前提，结合我国的实际情况，从理论与实践相结合的角度对以上各问题分别进行了分析，并提出了作者自己的一些见解：第一、在公民从受伤害到死亡有一段时间距离的情形下，死者的近亲属除依法享有其固有的精神损害赔偿请求权以外，还可以继承死者生前就其所受之精神损害而享有的精神损害赔偿请求权；第二、在加害人的行为已造成直接受害人残疾，或者是造成其健康严重受损的其他后果的情形下，我国应在借鉴国外已有立法和判例的基础上，赋予一定范围内的受害人近亲属以精神损害赔偿请求权；第三、法律保护死者人格不受侵害的目的是为了保护死者近亲属的利益和维护公共利益，一般情形下，只要死者近亲属能证明其诉讼主体的合法性，能够证实侵害"死者人格"的行为已构成侵权，即可推定死者近亲属因此而遭受了精神痛苦——无须举证的"名义上的精神损害"，死者近亲属即可提起精神损害赔偿之诉。

As Specfifc methods,we should restrict the compensation amount of the spirit solatium,should reasonable determine the damages compensation caused by medical negligence using the rules of the reasons for power,should special emphasis the application of the regular payment of compensation in the damages compensation of medical negligence and should implement the rule of profit and loss balance.

具体的限制方法，应当限制精神损害抚慰金的赔偿数额、应当对医疗过失引起的财产损害赔偿运用原因力规则合理确定、应当特别强调定期金赔偿在医疗过失损害赔偿中的适用和应当借鉴排除间接来源规则在医疗过失损害赔偿中实行损益相抵规则。

The author stresses on some issues of effect of contract rescission in Chapter four, such as restitution, compensation for damages and effect of especial clauses. The article indicates that restitution in contract rescission is an claim based on real right, compensation for damage includes compensations for performance interest and compensation beyond the compensation for damages for breach of contract, except acquirable benefit. The author also makes a research on the relation of contract rescission and penalty for breach of contract.

论文第四部分着重论述合同解除后的几个法律后果，如恢复原状、损害赔偿以及特别条款的有效性，指出合同解除下的恢复原状是一种物的请求权，损害赔偿包括债务不履行的损害赔偿和违约外的损害赔偿，但不包括可得利益，同时笔者对合同解除与违约金是否能够并存作了探讨。

The text tries to make a general analysis on the system. When studying the controversial issues about the essence of the claim of right, the applied conditions and other questions in enforcement, we consider the system as a special protect method for special groups in Law of domestic relations.

笔者针对理论界关注的离婚损害赔偿请求权性质、离婚损害赔偿构成、以及实施中的有关问题进行了讨论，认为离婚损害赔偿应被视为亲属法上规定的特殊的损害赔偿，是立法出于公平原则，加强对弱者保护，维护受损害方权益的制度。

According to the dements that exist in the system, I suggest that to perfect it , we should fulfill the following points: first, make clear the definition of spiritual damages and confirm the system by construction; second, further widen the applying scope of compensation for spiritual damages; third, reduce the limits that people encounter

针对我国精神损害赔偿制度的缺陷，笔者认为，要完善我国精神损害赔偿制度，应从以下几方面着手：第一，明确精神损害赔偿的概念和从立法上确认精神损害赔偿制度；第二，应进一步拓宽精神损害赔偿的适用范围；第三，请求精神损害赔偿的主体应放宽条件限制；第四，在责任方式上，应该采取财产方式与非财产方式并重的&双轨制&；第五，精神损害赔偿的标准和数额须进一步明确；第六，应确立刑事附带精神损害赔偿制度。

This article is mainly a discussion on the spiritual damage compensation for close relatives of victim under the situations of damage to right of life, damage to the right of health and damage to the right of personality of the dead, which is based on an introduction and comparison of the concerned foreign legal regulations and academic theories and in combination with the legal practice in China Wherefore the author put forwards his own ideas as following: first, Under the condition that there is a distance of time between injury and death, the close relatives of the dead shall inherit the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation of the dead for the suffering before his death, in addition to their own intrinsic right of claim for spiritual damage compensation; The second, under the condition that the inflictor has caused the disablement of the sufferer or serious damage to his health, the close relative in a limited cycle of the sufferer should be granted with the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation, which is confirmed in law and becomes a practice in foreign countries; The third, since the aim of the law to protect the personality of the dead from infringement is to protect the benefits of the close relatives of the dead and to maintain public benefits, is constituted on the personality of the dead the close relative of the dead may initial legal proceeding for spiritual damage compensation.

探讨以介绍和比较国外相关法律规定和学术理论为前提，结合我国的实际情况，从理论与实践相结合的角度对以上各问题分别进行了分析，并提出了作者自己的一些见解：第一、在公民从受伤害到死亡有一段时间距离的情形下，死者的近亲属除依法享有其固有的精神损害赔偿请求权以外，还可以继承死者生前就其所受之精神损害而享有的精神损害赔偿请求权；第二、在加害人的行为已造成直接受害人残疾，或者是造成其健康严重受损的其他后果的情形下，我国应在借鉴国外已有立法和判例的基础上，赋予一定范围内的受害人近亲属以精神损害赔偿请求权；第三、法律保护死者人格不受侵害的目的是为了保护死者近亲属的利益和维护公共利益，一般情形下，只要死者近亲属能证明其诉讼主体的合法性，能够证实侵害&死者人格&的行为已构成侵权，即可推定死者近亲属因此而遭受了精神痛苦——无须举证的&名义上的精神损害&，死者近亲属即可提起精神损害赔偿之诉。

The rule of contributory negligence is applied when the following are satisfied,(1) the aggrieved party is in default concerning the loss suffered, and (2) his defaulting acts contribute to that loss.

损益相抵规则的适用条件有三，一是违约损害赔偿之债已经成立，二是受害方受有利益，三是违约行为和利益之间具有因果关系；损益相抵专属于损害赔偿问题，在抽象损害赔偿和具体损害赔偿中都有其适用。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷