损害的人

The subject of damage compensational responsibility of traffic accident of motor vehicles in direct liability It is a common situation to assume responsibility according to the direct liability in traffic accident, namely the owner and the driver of the vehicle are consistent.

一直接责任形态下的机动车交通事故损害赔偿主体机动车交通事故中按直接责任承担损害赔偿的是一般的情况，即机动车所有人与驾驶人一致时的情况。

According to the survey, three major hazards : hidden damage disposable chopsticks respiratory function : disposable chopsticks required fumigator production process, a process in the use of the heat will release SO2 Erosion respiratory mucosa; damage digestive function : hydrogen peroxide disposable chopsticks used in the production process. strong corrosive hydrogen peroxide, oral, esophageal or gastrointestinal cause corrosion; polishing process used talc.

据调查，一次性筷子隐藏三大危害：损害呼吸功能：一次性筷子制作过程中须经过硫磺熏蒸，所一在使用过程中遇热会释放SO2，侵蚀呼吸道黏膜；损害消化功能：一次性筷子在制作过程中用双氧水漂白，双氧水具有强烈的腐蚀性，对口腔、食道甚至胃肠造成腐蚀；打磨过程中使用滑石粉，清除不干净，在人体内慢慢累积，会使人患上胆结石。

Human cytomegalovirus is the most common cause of congenital infection, resulting in birth defects such as microcephaly.

人巨细胞病毒是人类最常见的先天性感染病毒，可引起流产、早产、死胎、胎儿宫内发育迟缓及小头畸形、抽搐、脑瘫、智力低下、视力损害及听力损害等后遗症。

This article is mainly a discussion on the spiritual damage compensation for close relatives of victim under the situations of damage to right of life, damage to the right of health and damage to the right of personality of the dead, which is based on an introduction and comparison of the concerned foreign legal regulations and academic theories and in combination with the legal practice in China Wherefore the author put forwards his own ideas as following: first, Under the condition that there is a distance of time between injury and death, the close relatives of the dead shall inherit the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation of the dead for the suffering before his death, in addition to their own intrinsic right of claim for spiritual damage compensation; The second, under the condition that the inflictor has caused the disablement of the sufferer or serious damage to his health, the close relative in a limited cycle of the sufferer should be granted with the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation, which is confirmed in law and becomes a practice in foreign countries; The third, since the aim of the law to protect the personality of the dead from infringement is to protect the benefits of the close relatives of the dead and to maintain public benefits, is constituted on the personality of the dead the close relative of the dead may initial legal proceeding for spiritual damage compensation.

探讨以介绍和比较国外相关法律规定和学术理论为前提，结合我国的实际情况，从理论与实践相结合的角度对以上各问题分别进行了分析，并提出了作者自己的一些见解：第一、在公民从受伤害到死亡有一段时间距离的情形下，死者的近亲属除依法享有其固有的精神损害赔偿请求权以外，还可以继承死者生前就其所受之精神损害而享有的精神损害赔偿请求权；第二、在加害人的行为已造成直接受害人残疾，或者是造成其健康严重受损的其他后果的情形下，我国应在借鉴国外已有立法和判例的基础上，赋予一定范围内的受害人近亲属以精神损害赔偿请求权；第三、法律保护死者人格不受侵害的目的是为了保护死者近亲属的利益和维护公共利益，一般情形下，只要死者近亲属能证明其诉讼主体的合法性，能够证实侵害"死者人格"的行为已构成侵权，即可推定死者近亲属因此而遭受了精神痛苦——无须举证的"名义上的精神损害"，死者近亲属即可提起精神损害赔偿之诉。

It analyzes allocation ofburden of proof in law of international transport of goods,scope of dam-ages and limits of MTO's liability for localized or unlocalized loss or dam-age,loss from delayed delivery,consequential business loss,and producesnecessity and feasibility of the legislative perfection of compensation forloss resulting from delayed delivery for goods.

第五章为多式运输经营人赔偿责任限制，分析了国际运输法中的举证责任分配，多式运输经营人定域化和非定域化货损、迟延损害、间接性商业损失赔偿范围及责任限制，并指出完善迟延损害赔偿制度的必要性和可行性。

"Against all liabilities, claims, demands, proceedings, costs or expenses of whatsoeer nature which may be made or brought against or incurred by the lessor by reason of any loss, injury, death or damage caused or chaimed to be caused to any person or of any loss of or damage to property occasioned by or arising or claimed to be occasioned or to arise directly or indirectly out of the manufacture, deliery, presence, possession, proision, operation, use, instalment, remoal, transportation, replacement or repair of the goods and whether arising or claimed to arise out of defects in the goods or by reason of the goods infringing or being claimed to infringe any patent, copyright, confidential information of other intellectual property rights."

&对出租人可能提出的或出租人可能招致的，由于以下原因的所有责任、索赔、要求、诉讼、费用或任何性质的开支，其原因或者是直接或间接因货物的制造、送交、存在、占有、供应、操作、使用、安装、移动、运输、替换或修理，不论是否由于或据称由于货物有缺陷，而对任何人造成或据称造成的任何损失、伤害、死亡或损害，或对财产造成或引起或据称造成或引起的任何灭失或损害，或者是因货物侵犯或据称侵犯任何专利、版权、机密情报或其他智力产权&。这里保证补偿的是&……一切责任、索赔、要求、诉讼、费用或任何性质的开支&，其原因有两种情况，一是租赁货物对人或财产造成损害，二是租赁货物侵犯智力产权。关于第一种情况，合同不厌其烦地列举&直接或间接因货物的制造、送交、存在、占有、供应、操作、使用、安装、移动、运输、替换或修理，不论是否由于或据称由于货物有缺陷……&。这段话中多次提到&造成&、&引起&，但都要加上&或据称&，成为&造成或据称造成&、&引起或据称引起&。

This thesis has done research in the innovation of the techniques of compensation for nervous shock and holds that a dynamic compensation model in which the obligation of compensation should be shifted from the single inflictor to the society by integration of and also by exploring the potential legal functions of concurrent social security system, insurance system as well as funds management corporations' system.

本文着重从理论上研究了精神损害赔偿技术的革新，主张以现有的社会保障制度，商业保险制度和基金管理公司制度相互整合并挖掘它们潜在的司法价值进而将精神损害赔偿由加害人完全承担转向社会负担，建立精神损害动态赔偿模型。

This article is mainly a discussion on the spiritual damage compensation for close relatives of victim under the situations of damage to right of life, damage to the right of health and damage to the right of personality of the dead, which is based on an introduction and comparison of the concerned foreign legal regulations and academic theories and in combination with the legal practice in China Wherefore the author put forwards his own ideas as following: first, Under the condition that there is a distance of time between injury and death, the close relatives of the dead shall inherit the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation of the dead for the suffering before his death, in addition to their own intrinsic right of claim for spiritual damage compensation; The second, under the condition that the inflictor has caused the disablement of the sufferer or serious damage to his health, the close relative in a limited cycle of the sufferer should be granted with the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation, which is confirmed in law and becomes a practice in foreign countries; The third, since the aim of the law to protect the personality of the dead from infringement is to protect the benefits of the close relatives of the dead and to maintain public benefits, is constituted on the personality of the dead the close relative of the dead may initial legal proceeding for spiritual damage compensation.

探讨以介绍和比较国外相关法律规定和学术理论为前提，结合我国的实际情况，从理论与实践相结合的角度对以上各问题分别进行了分析，并提出了作者自己的一些见解：第一、在公民从受伤害到死亡有一段时间距离的情形下，死者的近亲属除依法享有其固有的精神损害赔偿请求权以外，还可以继承死者生前就其所受之精神损害而享有的精神损害赔偿请求权；第二、在加害人的行为已造成直接受害人残疾，或者是造成其健康严重受损的其他后果的情形下，我国应在借鉴国外已有立法和判例的基础上，赋予一定范围内的受害人近亲属以精神损害赔偿请求权；第三、法律保护死者人格不受侵害的目的是为了保护死者近亲属的利益和维护公共利益，一般情形下，只要死者近亲属能证明其诉讼主体的合法性，能够证实侵害&死者人格&的行为已构成侵权，即可推定死者近亲属因此而遭受了精神痛苦——无须举证的&名义上的精神损害&，死者近亲属即可提起精神损害赔偿之诉。

If the Vessel comes into collision with another ship as a result of the negligence of the other ship and any act, neglect or default of the Master, Mariner, Pilot or the servants of the Carrier in the navigation or in the management of the Vessel, the owners of the cargo carried hereunder will indemnify the Carrier against all loss or liability to the other or non- carrying ship or her Owners in so far as such loss or liability represents loss of, or damage to, or any claim whatsoever of the owners of said cargo, paid or payable by the other or non-carrying ship or her Owners to the owners of said cargo and set-off, recouped or recovered by the other or non-carrying ship or her Owners as part of their claim against the carrying Vessel or Carrier.

如果本船由于他船的疏忽和本船船长、船员、引航员或本船承运人的雇佣人员在驾驶或管理船舶中的行为、疏忽或不履行职责面与他船碰撞，则本船货主应补偿本船承运人对他船即非载货船舶或其所有人所承担的一切损害或一切责任，但此项补偿的损害或责任，仅限于他船或非载货船舶或其所有人已付或应付本船货主蒙受的灭失、损害或提出的任何索赔，并由他船或非载货船舶将此作为向载货船舶或承运人所提索赔的一部分，或冲抵载货船舶或承运人提出的索赔、或取得补偿，或要求收回。

The methods restricting damages imposed on the party in breach mainly are: the rule of foreseeability, the rule of balancing out increase and decrease, the rule of contributory negligence, and the rule of mitigation of damage.

合同相对人的损害，包括财产损害和非财产损害，财产损害又包括所受损害和所失利益；无论是所受损害还是所失利益，无论是财产损害还是非财产损害，都应予以赔偿。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。