损害的人

B Benefit and detriment Historically, the mon law action of debt was said to require a quid pro quo, and that requirement may have led to statements that consideration must be a benefit to the promisor But contracts were enforced in the mon-law action of assumpsit without any such requirement; in actions of assumpsit the emphasis was rather on the harm to the promisee, and detrimental reliance on a promise may still be the basis of contractual relief See 90 But reliance is not essential to the formation of a bargain, and remedies for breach have long been given in cases of exchange of promise for promise where neither party has begun to perform Today when it is said that consideration must involve a detriment to the promisee, the supposed requirement is often qualified by a statement that a "legal detriment" is sufficient even though there is no economic detriment or other actual loss It is more realistic to say simply that there is no requirement of detriment

b收益和损害。从历史来看，普通法上的债的行为被认为要求一个等价物，而且这一要求还可能导出这样的结论：约因必须是允诺人获益。但在缺乏这一要求的契约在普通法上的违约之诉中仍然得到执行；在违约之诉中，强调的是对受允诺人的损害，而且对允诺的有害依赖可能仍然是契约救济的基础。参见第90条。但是信赖对协商的成立并非必要性因素，而且在任何一方当事人均未开始履行的允诺交换允诺的案例中，早已规定了违约救济。现在，当有人认为约因必须包括一个对于受允诺人的损害时，其假设的要求经常由此表述得以满足："一个"法律上的损害即使在没有经济损害或者其他实际损失的情况下仍然是充分的。认为没有对于损害的要求的主张是更加现实的。

Article 97 With respect to a claim for indemnity against oil pollution damage caused by a ship, the person suffering for the damage may make the claim to the shipowner causing the oil pollution damage, or directly make the claim to the insurer bearing the liability for oil pollution damage of the shipowner

第九十七条对船舶造成油污损害的赔偿请求，受损害人可以向造成油污损害的船舶所有人提出，也可以直接向承担船舶所有人油污损害责任的保险人或者提供财务保证的其他人提出。

Article 97 With respect to a claim for indemnity against oil pollution damage caused by a ship, the person suffering for the damage may make the claim to the shipowner causing the oil pollution damage, or directly make the claim to the insurer bearing the liability for oil pollution damage of the shipowner or to other person providing financial suretyship.

第九十七条对船舶造成油污损害的赔偿请求，受损害人可以向造成油污损害的船舶所有人提出，也可以直接向承担船舶所有人油污损害责任的保险人或者提供财务保证的其他人提出。

Article 10 Where an undertaker causes an injury to a third person or to himself when completing certain work, the hirer shall bear no compensation liability.

第十条 承揽人在完成工作过程中对第三人造成损害或者造成自身损害的，定作人不承担赔偿责任。

" Asked the soldier, shaking his shirt out before the fire, and without waiting for an answer, he added huskily:"Ah, what a lot of fellows done for to-day―awful!

"他问道，一面在炭火上面抖着自己的衬衫，没有等他回答，就咯咯地叫了一声，接着补充说："一天之内遭受损害的人还少吗？

Its purpose is to provide compensation for those who suffer from loss or damage.

其目的是赔偿遭受损失或损害的人。

Article 26 Where any person or any association alleges that any of the rights granted under this Constitution or any legislation or directives are constitutionally contravened, that person or association may invoke the privilege and benefit of court direction, order or writ, including a judgment of unconstitutionality; and anyone injured by an act of the Government or any person acting under its authority, whether in property, contract, tort or otherwise, shall have the right to bring suit for appropriate redress.

第26条：任何人或团体主张宪法赋予自己的权利或声称任何立法或指示违反宪法的，他都有权援引宪法上的基本权利和对自己有利的法院的指示、命令或令状，包括违宪判例。任何受到政府或者政府授权的人的行为损害的人都有权起诉请求给予适当的补偿，无论这种损害是财产的、合同的、侵权的或是其他。

Announce according to top people court " about hearing person damages case applicable law the explanation of a certain number of problems " regulation, road, bridge, channel wait for what build artificially to because safeguard,build thing, administrative flaw sends a person to damage; Pile up article boils fall, slide or pile up content collapse sends a person to damage; Arboreous dump, break off or fructification falls send what the person damages to perhaps manage a person to assume liability to pay compensation by everybody, but the exception that can prove oneself do not have fault.

根据最高人民法院公布《关于审理人身损害赔偿案件适用法律若干问题的解释》规定，道路、桥梁、隧道等人工建造的构筑物因维护、治理瑕疵致人损害的；堆放物品滚落、滑落或者堆放物倒塌致人损害的；树木倾倒、折断或者果实坠落致人损害的由所有人或者治理人承担赔偿责任，但能够证实自己没有过错的除外。

Part three mainly explores therelationship between risk bearing and concerning systems,putting forward opinions such as that iffault guarantee liability of goods is not the obstacle of the transference of risk bearing,transference of risk bearing is not the obstacle of fault guarantee liability of goods;if the sellerdelivers the object to the delivery place according to the contract or the legal provisions while thebuyer does't accept the goods according to the agreement,or the goal of contract can't beachieved because that the object's quanlity can meet the requirement of the contract,the buyerrefuses to accept the object or rescinds the contract,the occupant has the obligation to keep it ingood condition and prevent the enlargement of damage or ease the damage according to theprinciple of good faith.

第二节，主要探讨了风险负担与相关制度的关系。如认为物的瑕疵担保责任不阻碍风险负担的移转，风险负担的移转亦不排斥物的瑕疵担保责任；在出卖人按照约定或依照法律的规定将标的物置于交货地点而买受人违反约定没有收取时，或者因标的物质量不符合质量要求，致使不能实现合同目的的，买受人拒绝接受标的物或解除合同的，货物的占有者或代为保管者基于诚实信用的原则应尽妥善保管的义务，防止损害的扩大或减轻损害。

PURPOSE. To investigate relationships between acute intraocular pressure–induced optic nerve head surface deformation and corneal hysteresis and thickness in glaucomatous and nonglaucomatous human eyes.

目的：研究在青光眼和无青光眼性损害的人眼中，急性眼压升高引起的视乳头变形与角膜滞后值和角膜厚度之间的关系。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。