损害物

The paper points that the insurance subrogation should comprise two part: the right of subrogation and the jus ad rem of subrogation ; then, the paper analyzes its constitutive requirements, legal relation, essence, characters and its functions.

文章首先为保险代位正名，指出保险代位是保险人享有的、代位行使被保险人对造成保险标的损害而负有民事责任的第三人的求偿权或取得被保险人对保险标的残余物的所有权的一种权利，它应包括权利代位和物上代位两层含义

Yet when the pledge is damaged by different parties,the relief of the security interest varies as follows:if caused by the debtor, he is deprived of his interest of period;if by the pledgor（the warrantor offering the pledge）,who failed to offer additionalp ledge,the liability of infringing the security interest will be imposed on him,besides the deprival of the deb-tor' s interest of period.

担保物被毁损时，担保物权之救济因毁损人不同而有区别：债务人毁损担保物的，可剥夺债务人的期限利益；担保人毁损担保物且不提供增担保的，除剥夺债务人的期限利益外，还可进一步追究担保人侵犯担保物权的责任；第三人毁损担保物的，担保物权人可对担保人的损害赔偿请求权进行物上代位，而不必主张侵害担保物权，同时，担保人也可主动提出增担保以阻止物上代位的发生。

Article 90 The pledgor shall bear compensation liability if the hidden defect of pledged property causes damage to the pledgee's other properties, unless the pledgee accepts such property knowingly at the time of transfer.

第九十条质物有隐蔽瑕疵造成质权人其他财产损害的，应由出质人承担赔偿责任。但是，质权人在质物移交时明知质物有瑕疵而予以接受的除外。

The author stresses on some issues of effect of contract rescission in Chapter four, such as restitution, compensation for damages and effect of especial clauses. The article indicates that restitution in contract rescission is an claim based on real right, compensation for damage includes compensations for performance interest and compensation beyond the compensation for damages for breach of contract, except acquirable benefit. The author also makes a research on the relation of contract rescission and penalty for breach of contract.

论文第四部分着重论述合同解除后的几个法律后果，如恢复原状、损害赔偿以及特别条款的有效性，指出合同解除下的恢复原状是一种物的请求权，损害赔偿包括债务不履行的损害赔偿和违约外的损害赔偿，但不包括可得利益，同时笔者对合同解除与违约金是否能够并存作了探讨。

Announce according to top people court " about hearing person damages case applicable law the explanation of a certain number of problems " regulation, road, bridge, channel wait for what build artificially to because safeguard,build thing, administrative flaw sends a person to damage; Pile up article boils fall, slide or pile up content collapse sends a person to damage; Arboreous dump, break off or fructification falls send what the person damages to perhaps manage a person to assume liability to pay compensation by everybody, but the exception that can prove oneself do not have fault.

根据最高人民法院公布《关于审理人身损害赔偿案件适用法律若干问题的解释》规定，道路、桥梁、隧道等人工建造的构筑物因维护、治理瑕疵致人损害的；堆放物品滚落、滑落或者堆放物倒塌致人损害的；树木倾倒、折断或者果实坠落致人损害的由所有人或者治理人承担赔偿责任，但能够证实自己没有过错的除外。

Objective To investigate the roles of AngU ,fibrinolytic activity and transforming growth factor -fil (TGF-f31) in benign arteriolar nephrosclerosis due to primary hypertension.Methods 192 patients of primary hypertension were divided into 3 groups according to the degree of hypertension.

目的 通过测定192例原发性高血压患者及52例正常人尿转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、血浆凝血酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)、血管紧张素Ⅱ含量，观察其在不同分级、不同肾损害程度的高血压患者的表达水平，以探讨其与高血压性肾损害发生发展的关系。

Serum creatinine elevations were noted in a proportion of patients, most of whom also had multiple risk factors for renal damage such as concomitant use of nephrotoxic immunosuppressants.

血清肌苷酸上升在一部分患者身上被注意到，他们中的大多数对于肾脏损害有成倍的风险例如对于损害肾脏的免疫抑制剂伴随物的使用。

Part three mainly explores therelationship between risk bearing and concerning systems,putting forward opinions such as that iffault guarantee liability of goods is not the obstacle of the transference of risk bearing,transference of risk bearing is not the obstacle of fault guarantee liability of goods;if the sellerdelivers the object to the delivery place according to the contract or the legal provisions while thebuyer does't accept the goods according to the agreement,or the goal of contract can't beachieved because that the object's quanlity can meet the requirement of the contract,the buyerrefuses to accept the object or rescinds the contract,the occupant has the obligation to keep it ingood condition and prevent the enlargement of damage or ease the damage according to theprinciple of good faith.

第二节，主要探讨了风险负担与相关制度的关系。如认为物的瑕疵担保责任不阻碍风险负担的移转，风险负担的移转亦不排斥物的瑕疵担保责任；在出卖人按照约定或依照法律的规定将标的物置于交货地点而买受人违反约定没有收取时，或者因标的物质量不符合质量要求，致使不能实现合同目的的，买受人拒绝接受标的物或解除合同的，货物的占有者或代为保管者基于诚实信用的原则应尽妥善保管的义务，防止损害的扩大或减轻损害。

EXCLUSIONS 4 In no case shall this insurance cover 4.1 loss damage or expense attributable to wilful misconduct of the Assured 4.2 ordinary leakage, ordinary loss in weight or volume, or ordinary wear and tear of the subject-matter insured 4.3 loss damage or expense caused by insufficiency or unsuitability of packing or preparation of the subject-matter insured (for the purpose of this clause 4.3 "packing" shall be deemed to include stowage in a container or liftvan but only when such stowage is carried out prior to attachment of this insurance or by the Assured or their servants) 4.4 loss damage or expense caused by inherent vice or nature of the subject-matter insured 4.5 loss damage or expense proximately caused by delay, even though the delay be caused by a risk insured against (except expenses payable under Clause 2 above) 4.6 loss damage or expense arising from insolvency or financial default of the owners managers charterers or operators of the vessel 4.7 deliberate damage to or deliberate destruction of the subject-matter insured or any part thereof by the wrongful act of any person or persons 4.8 loss damage or expense arising from the use of any weapon of war employing atomic or nuclear fission and/or fusion or other like reaction or radioactive force or matter.

EXCLUSIONS 4在任何情况下都不得这个保险 4.1损失损害或费用的原因故意的不当行为的保证 4.2普通渗漏，普通的损失重量或体积，或普通磨损的标的物投保 4.3损坏或丢失所造成的费用不足或不适合的包装或准备受保标的物（目的是这一条款4.3 &包装&应视为包括存放在容器或liftvan但只有当这些堆放进行之前扣押保险或担保或其雇员） 4.4损坏或丢失所造成的牺牲固有的副总裁或性质的标的物投保 4.5损坏或损失近牺牲所造成的延误，即使是延迟所造成的风险保险（除费用缴付根据第2段） 4.6损失损害或费用所产生的破产或财务预设的业主管理人员承租人或经营者的船只 4.7故意损坏或蓄意破坏受保标的物或其任何部分的不法行为，任何人 4.8损失损害或费用的使用中出现的任何战争武器的使用原子或核裂变和/或融合或其他类似反应或放射性武力或事项。

5 Sails, masts, spars or standing and running rigging while the Vessel is racing, unless the loss or damage is caused by the Vessel being stranded, sunk, burnt, on fire or collision or contact with any external substance other than water

10.5船舶航行时，船帆、船桅、帆桁或静索与动索的灭失或损害，除非该灭失或损害因船舶搁浅、沉没、烧毁、失火、碰撞或与其他除水外的外物接触所致

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。