损失的

An extraordinary amount of money has been lost by the insurance industry in the bond area -notwithstanding the accounting convention that allows insurance companies to carry their bond investments at amortized cost, regardless of impaired market value.

整个保险业界，因投资债券而蒙受了相当庞大的损失，虽然依照会计原则，允许保险公司以摊销成本而非已严重受损的市场价值来记录其债券投资，事实上，这种会计方法反而是导致更大损失的元凶，因为当初若是保险公司被迫以市场价格来认列损失，那他们或许就会早一点注意到问题的严重性。

Insurance, a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent loss, is defined as the equitable transfer of the risk of a loss, from one entity to another, in exchange for a premium, and can be thought of a guaranteed small loss to prevent a large, possibly devastating loss.

保险是风险管理的一种形式，主要用于对冲意外损失的风险。就其定义而言，保险是通过支付保险费的方式使损失的风险从一个实体向另一个实体的公正的转移。保险可以说是通过承担一笔小额保证金来防止一次巨大的损失，甚至可能是惨重的损失。

2 Devaluate the goods according to the degree of inferiority, extent of damage and amount of direct losses suffered by the Buyer (while production losses will not be considered).

14.2按照货物的疵劣程度、直接损失的范围和买方所遭受的损失，就货物贬值（生产上所遭受的损失不考虑）。

The loss on the intragroup transaction between the Group and its investees, of which nature is asset impairment, is recognised in full amount,and the relevant unrealised loss is not allowed to be eliminated.

本集团与被投资单位发生的内部交易损失，属于资产减值损失的，全额确认该损失，相应的未实现损益不予抵销。

D..In case the seller's late execution of the b,d,f stipulations of the sixteenth clause, the buyer shall be able to loge claim for losses with exception of the enlarged loss for his late effort to minimize the possible loss.e.

因卖方没有及时履行本合同第十六条第b ，d ，f 三项时，卖方承担由此产生的一切损失责任。买方应尽全力采取措施避免损失的扩大，否则卖方有权拒绝对扩大部分的损失进行赔偿

Subject to the foregoing provisions, where the insurer pays for apartial loss, he acquires no title to the subject-matter insured, or suchpart of it as may remain, but he is thereupon subrogated to all rights andfrom the time of the casualty causing the loss, in so far as the assured hasbeen indemnified, according to this Act, by such payment for the loss.

2受前述各条款制约，在保险人赔偿部分损失之场合，他并不取得该项保险标的或其存留部分的所有权，但是，根据本法，通过赔付此种损失，自造成损失的事故发生之时起，保险人代位取得被保险人对保险标的的一切权利和救济，但以被保险人已获赔偿额为限。

For example, insurance is the assessment of probability and damage of an accident, and assessing the value of settlement of claims. This value is seen as the measurement of accidental damage.

以保险为例，保险即是评估事故发生机率，与估算事故发生造成损失所获得之理赔金额，理赔金额被视为事故损失具体化的成果，额度高低表现出损失的大小。

Chapter one of this text has recommended the foreign insurance to apply financial economy to the products pricing method of insurance company, but these methods have not explained how to determine the fair premium of the multiple-line insurance company .In order to solve many business line insurance company pricing problem, chapter two introduce an very important model in insurance company capital allocation field - MR capital allocation model, through deriving capital allocation formula and simulation analysis indicate MR model allocate multiple- line insurance company capital scientifically. In order to apply MR model to non-life insurance pricing, chapter three will extend MR model to introduce loss 3 and layer P . Since the premise of MR model is a certain market price of loss, the chapter four will use the risk-neutral probability transformation technique to get the market value of loss. Under lognormal distribution, we will use location parameter shift and proportional PH transformation to illuminate the technique. The final chapter combines the prior sections result to deduce out the fair premium formula, and apply it to price the catastrophe insurance.

本文的第一章介绍了国外保险业将财务经济学应用到保险公司产品定价的方法，但是这些方法都没有说明如何确定多业务线保险公司的公平保费；为了解决多业务线保险公司定价问题，第二章引入保险公司资本配置领域非常重要的一个模型—MR资本配置模型，通过推导资本配置公式及模拟分析表明MR模型科学地配置了多业务线公司的资本；为了将MR模型应用到非寿险公司的定价中去第三章扩展了MR模型，引入了损失β和层β的概念：由于MR模型的前提条件是有一个确定的损失市场价值，第四章利用风险中性转化方法获得损失的市场价值，在损失为对数正态分布的条件下，通过位置参数转化和比例危险转化方法给出了实例说明；第五章结合前几章的结果给出非寿险公司公平保费的定价公式，并运用它给出了巨灾保险价格的模拟分析。

The issue analyses and calculates the linear pressure loss and local pressure loss in spot example in the process as well as gets a conclusion.When several compressors in serial connection provide compressed air,the more the compressors be connected,the more the pressure loss to be happened,and gives a few of methods to reduce the pressure loss.

以实例详细计算了压缩空气在输送过程中的沿程压力损失和局部压力损失，并得出了结论：当多台空压机串联供气时，串联供气的空压机的台数越多，其串联在后面的空压机输出的局部压力损失就越大，并给出了克服压力损失的几种方法。

The quantitative relational expression between the coefficient of pressure loss and the Froude number is obtained.

通过研究得出了输送管内废塑料颗粒压力损失系数与弗劳德准数的定量关系式，废塑料颗粒速度与单位管长压力损失的关系，以及水平弯管和垂直上升弯管中颗粒速度与单位管长压力损失的关系。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了