损失

For the purpose of understanding the vulnerability analysis role, importance and relationship with seismic hazard analysis and exposure assessment in earthquake loss estimation in global view, the general procedure of earthquake loss estimation is summarized first.

为了能深入理解结构地震易损性分析的地位和作用，(1)概述了地震损失估计的一般步骤；(2)研究了地震危险性分析、风险区内社会财富估计及这些社会财富地震易损性分析在震害预测中的地位、作用以及三者之间的相互关系；(3)总结了设定地震的可能途径和可能方式，提出了兼顾地震发生的可能性和地震潜在破坏的严重性的设定地震选择原则；(4)比较了目前表示地震动-破坏关系的三种主要方法；综述了国内外地震损失估计的现状，指出目前亟待解决的一些重要问题。

Keenan's Concept of "Lost Kilowatts", a loss in power generation due to steam extraction from the turbine for heat supply as its opportunity cost which plus the accouting cost special for heat supply will be its overall cost,furthermore, a study on how to assign the price of the lost kilowatts is proceeded, and three methods of assignment are put forward, namely to assign the price according to the average price of electricity within the power network in which the turbine gen...

Keenan所提出的&损失功率&的概念作为确定供热成本的基础，确认因供热抽汽而引起的作功不足少发电能为供热的机会成本，再加专为供热而消耗的会计成本即为供热的总成本，对因损失功率而少发的电能的定价进行了深入的探讨，提出了以本机组所在网中平均电价定价，以边际价格定价和以影子价格定价三种定价方法，并以实例计算进行分析、比较，得出以影子价格定价比较合理的结论。

To get an accurate installed efficiency rating, factors such as flue gas heat losses, cycling losses caused by over sizing, blower fan electrical usage, etc., must be included.

为了获得准确的安装效率等级，如烟气热损失的因素，骑自行车引起了浆纱，风机使用的电力损失等，必须包括在内。

Moreover, the hydraulic pressure pumping station has used the Neutral high hydraulic pressure actuation design and the small work current capacity, reduces the hydraulic system along the regulation resistance loss and the local pressure loss, reduces the pipeline interior fat liquor hit.

另外，液压泵站采用了的中高压液压驱动设计和较小的工作流量，以减少液压系统的沿程阻力损失和局部压力损失，减少管路内部油液撞击。

Moreover, the hydraulic pressure pumping station hasused the Neutral high hydraulic pressure actuation design and thesmall work current capacity, reduces the hydraulic system along theregulation resistance loss and the local pressure loss, reduces thepipeline interior fat liquor hit.

另外，液压泵站采用了的中高压液压驱动设计和较小的工作流量，以减少液压系统的沿程阻力损失和局部压力损失，减少管路内部油液撞击。

While most people realise it is hard to calculate VAR using internal data alone (because of the small sample size), many are unaware that because op risk is characterised by fat-tailed distributions, even the expected loss cannot be estimated using just internal loss data.

虽然大多数人认识到单单使用内部数据很算计算出风险值，可很多人没认识到这一点：因为操作风险的特征是厚尾分布，要是单单使用内部损失数据，连预期损失都无法估计出来。

Effect of different basal-dressing application methods on soil ammonia volatilization was studied by using forced-draft enclosure in winter wheat fields.The results indicated that fertilizer placement considerably influenced ammonia volatilization.

用密闭室强制通气装置对冬小麦不同基肥施用方式(表施、深施和表施结合灌溉)下的土壤氨挥发损失进行了研究，结果表明：肥料在土壤中的位置对氨挥发损失的影响非常显著。

After two rice-wheat rotations, 11%–13% of applied labeled N remained in 0-60 cm soil (mostly in the 0-20 cm soil); leaching of labeled urea applied in rice season was little (only 0.6%–1.1% of the applied N accumulated in 20-60 cm soil), and the leaching of fertilizer N occurred in wheat season and the beginning flooding period of the next rice season; 47%–54% of applied fertilizer N was lost and ammonia emission and nitrification-denitrification were the main pathways.

水稻季施用的肥料氮向耕层以下移动很少，20—60 cm土层中累积肥料氮仅占施氮量的0.6%～1.1%，主要发生在小麦季及水稻泡田时期，肥料氮损失占施氮量的47～54%，氨挥发和硝化反硝化气态损失是主要途径。

A fire can mean a total loss of the forage but any preserving of forage will have some loss.

火灾会引起牧草的全部损失，无论对牧草进行何种形式的保存都会有损失。

The direct and indirect property loss of pool fire is analyzed.

结合热辐射伤害的破坏准则，对死亡、重伤、轻伤的范围进行了量化研究，进一步分析了池火灾所造成的直接财产损失和间接的财产损失，并给出了相应的计算模型。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。