损坏

The statistics show that most casing failures occur in argillaceous rock salt areas.

套管损坏是国内外油田普遍存在的问题，通过对江汉油田王广地区 30 0多口套管损坏井的资料进行了统计分析，得出套管损坏绝大多数发生在泥盐岩地层，套管设计载荷偏低，高压注水是加剧套管损坏以及射孔是射孔段套管损坏的主要原因，并针对泥盐岩的特点分析了套管损坏的机理。

One, exceed those who be restricted to carry attaint highway to review ground of be practical and realistic to say to overload, overload exceeds restricted transport to be defeated is serious to the attaint of highway, but not be highway however the only reason of inchoate attaint.

一、对超载超限运输损坏公路的反思实事求是地说，超载超限运输对公路的损坏是严重的，但却不是公路早期损坏的唯一原因。

On the basis of sufficient spot field investigation,all kinds of types of casing failure have been systemically studied,its failure factors and forming mechanism are analyzed,and finally the suggestions and measures to prevent or de- crea...

在充分现场调研的基础上，系统研究了油田套管损坏的各种类型，分析了造成套管损坏的各种因素和生成机理，提出了油田开发实践中避免或减少套管损坏的具体措施和建议。

Freeze-thaw deterioration, which is typically behaved as two types of distresses: durability crack and deicer frost scaling, is one of the main damage causes of cement concrete pavement in freezing area.

以冻融耐久性裂纹和盐冻剥蚀损坏为代表的冻融损坏是冰冻地区铺面水泥混凝土的主要损坏类型之一。

New ideas and methods in the paper:1 The formulas on perforated casing collapse strength were deducted, which offereda convenient method to analyze the relationship between casing collapse strength and perforation;2 The stress and displacement formulas on the system of casing, cement anddeformation under the non-uniform load were deducted, which offered the theoretical found for designing optimally casing string;3 The relationship between structure in-situ field of whole oil field and casing failurewere studied, which offered the scheme for the prediction of casing failure. The process of study in the paper:1 For simulating the relationship between the structure in-situ field and the casingfailure in the oil-deformation, the tests of the uniaxial tensile, compress, tnaxial compress and dilatability were made on the samples of the drill cores from deformation of casing failure position in Yuejing II oil field.

本文的主要创新： 1推导出了射孔套管抗挤强度的解析式，为分析射孔与套管强度的变化关系提供了简便的方法； 2推导出了非均匀地层载荷作用下套管、水泥环和地层组合体的应力和位移解析式，并非均匀作用下套管柱优化设计提供了理论依据； 3研究整个油田区块构造应力场与套管损坏关系，为预测套管损坏提供了可行方案；本文的研究过程如下： 1为模拟构造应力场与油层段套管损坏关系，做了大量的岩石单轴抗拉、单轴抗压、三轴试验以及岩石遇水膨胀试验，获得了研究区块岩石的弹性模量、泊松比、内聚力、内摩擦角以及岩石的线膨胀系数，这此数据为本文研究油层段套管损坏机理研究的理论分析和有限元法提供了实验数据。

General will ask the production lines and damage incoming how bad deal: back to warehouse and replacement, the damaged part of required withholding month included in the system fees, damage to material when scrapped, red withholding, and the value of scrap material from the subjects out of raw materials, incoming bad are the responsibility of the supplier, the return VENDOR has returned and a replacement two way deal.

一般会问生产线出现来料不良和损坏怎么处理：退仓并补领即可，损坏部分需要当月预提计入制费，损坏材料报废的时候，冲预提，并将报废材料的价值从原材料科目转出，来料不良属于供应商的责任，退返供应商有退货和换货两种处理方式）。

This depends on the damage of liver and kidney functions ,the obese patients with inapparent damage of liver and renal function can take this product,they shoud strengthen the self-monitoring at the same time.the obese patients with serious damage of liver and renal function should not take this product.

根据肝、肾功能的损坏程度不同：肝、肾功能损坏不明显的肥胖者可以服用该产品，同时加强自我监控；肝、肾功能损坏严重的一般不主张服用该产品

Mechanical problem basically is the o-ring damage, brine sealing damages, pump damage, piping and valves damage, not accurate instrument, etc.

机械问题主要是O形圈的损坏、盐水密封的损坏、泵的损坏、管道和阀门的损坏、不精确的仪表等。

EXCLUSIONS 4 In no case shall this insurance cover 4.1 loss damage or expense attributable to wilful misconduct of the Assured 4.2 ordinary leakage, ordinary loss in weight or volume, or ordinary wear and tear of the subject-matter insured 4.3 loss damage or expense caused by insufficiency or unsuitability of packing or preparation of the subject-matter insured (for the purpose of this clause 4.3 "packing" shall be deemed to include stowage in a container or liftvan but only when such stowage is carried out prior to attachment of this insurance or by the Assured or their servants) 4.4 loss damage or expense caused by inherent vice or nature of the subject-matter insured 4.5 loss damage or expense proximately caused by delay, even though the delay be caused by a risk insured against (except expenses payable under Clause 2 above) 4.6 loss damage or expense arising from insolvency or financial default of the owners managers charterers or operators of the vessel 4.7 deliberate damage to or deliberate destruction of the subject-matter insured or any part thereof by the wrongful act of any person or persons 4.8 loss damage or expense arising from the use of any weapon of war employing atomic or nuclear fission and/or fusion or other like reaction or radioactive force or matter.

EXCLUSIONS 4在任何情况下都不得这个保险 4.1损失损害或费用的原因故意的不当行为的保证 4.2普通渗漏，普通的损失重量或体积，或普通磨损的标的物投保 4.3损坏或丢失所造成的费用不足或不适合的包装或准备受保标的物（目的是这一条款4.3 &包装&应视为包括存放在容器或liftvan但只有当这些堆放进行之前扣押保险或担保或其雇员） 4.4损坏或丢失所造成的牺牲固有的副总裁或性质的标的物投保 4.5损坏或损失近牺牲所造成的延误，即使是延迟所造成的风险保险（除费用缴付根据第2段） 4.6损失损害或费用所产生的破产或财务预设的业主管理人员承租人或经营者的船只 4.7故意损坏或蓄意破坏受保标的物或其任何部分的不法行为，任何人 4.8损失损害或费用的使用中出现的任何战争武器的使用原子或核裂变和/或融合或其他类似反应或放射性武力或事项。

To prevent casing damage and expand well life, a thick wall casing, TP130TT of high collapsing strength was designed and developed, based on the analysis to the mechanical conditions of casing and its damaging tendency in the salt bed. The matching technology and tools were also developed.

因此 ，防治套管损坏，延长油水井寿命，已是中原油田当前亟待解决的问题。1 油水井套管损坏的主要原因由于中原油田是一个复杂断块油气田，不同的区块和同一区块的不同部位，套管损坏的规律和造成套管损坏的因素都有很大的差异。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。