振荡的

The electric potential oscillation including periodic oscillation,quasi- periodic oscillation and turbid oscillation of carbon steel/H2SO4＋ K2Cr2O7/Pt system has been studied.

刘靖研究了碳钢/H2SO4+K2Cr2O7/Pt体系中的电位振荡现象，如周期振荡、准周期振荡和混沌振荡等，并对其振荡机理进行了初步分析和讨论。

Studies on basic working principles and designs of fiber lasersThe basic working principles as well as the major characteristics of laser and fiber lasers are firstly reviewed,including the interaction between light and matter, the laser oscillation conditions and the spectrum distribution,the gain characteristic and spatial hole burning effect,the influence of external environment on the stability of laser output and the actual limits of fiber laser bandwidth;The designs of bidirectional single-mode Er-doped fiber ring laser and multi-wavelength laser is then discussed,respectively;The characteristics of dynamic grating reflection spectrum of the fiber saturable absorber is systematically analyzed.?

在激光型光纤传感器的设计、实验现象的理论解释等方面做了如下的研究工作：光纤激光器的基本原理与设计方案概述了激光和光纤激光器的基本原理，包括光与物质的相互作用，激光振荡的条件及频谱分布等激光产生的基本原理：掺铒光纤的增益性质，空间烧孔效应和外界扰动对激光输出稳定性的影响，光纤激光器的实际极限带宽等光纤激光器的相关知识；分别讨论了双向单纵模环形腔激光器和多波长激光器的设计方案；系统地分析了掺杂光纤饱和吸收体中形成的动态光栅的反射谱特性。

This project was established based on the first cooperative development of optical in situ real time detecting technique probing the atomic scale layer-by-layer epitaxy growth of oxide film. Over the last three years, we have given full play to the advantages and characteristics of both sides and have finished the assumptions and plans of this subject satisfactorily. 1. In Institute of Physics, we set up advanced oblique-incidence reflectivity difference equipment and wrote one data acquisition procedure that made the simultaneous detection of optical signal and RHEED signal into reality. 2. The first observation of sustained oscillations over hundreds of monolayers in both real and imaginary signals during the epitaxy growth of SrNb0.1Ti0.9O3 on SrTiO3 substrate in LMBE testifies that oblique-incidence is an excellent method to detect and monitor film epitaxy growth real time. 3. For the first time, we verify that oblique-incidence reflectivity difference method can be used to monitor the layer-by-layer growth mode during continuous growth through the correspondence between optical signals to atomic or molecular step edge density on the growth surface. 4. Phenomenological analysis shows that optical signals comprise three parts, the first is proportional to the average thickness of the film and depends on the bulk phase dielectric response; the second is proportional to the coverage of terraces and depends on the dielectric response of atoms or unit cells in the terrace; the third is proportional to the coverage of step edges and depends on the effective dielectric response of atoms or unit cells at step edges. This makes oblique-incident reflectivity difference technique a quantitative macroscopic method to monitor film growth.

中文摘要：本课题是在合作首次发展了氧化物薄膜原子尺度层状外延生长光学原位实时探测方法的基础上立项的，三年来，我们充分发挥双方的优势和特点，圆满完成了课题的设想和计划。1、在物理所建立了一套先进的光反射差法装置，编写了计算机系统的数据采集程序，实现了两路光学信号和RHEED数据的同步采集和显示。2、用激光分子束外延在SrTiO3基底上生长SrNb0.1Ti0.9O3薄膜，首次观测到连续外延几百个原胞层，周期振荡的光反射差实部和虚部信号，证明了光反射差法是一种能原位实时探测与监控薄膜层状外延生长的好方法。3、首次验证了通过对生长表面原子或分子台阶密度的响应，光反射差法可用于原位实时监测在连续生长条件下薄膜的层式生长模式。4、通过唯象理论的研究，证明光反射差信号由三项组成，第一项只与薄膜的平均厚度和宏观光学电介质常数有关；第二项与分子台阶面覆盖度和台阶面上分子层的光学电介质常数有关；第三项与台阶边缘的覆盖度成正比，并和在台阶边缘的分子的有效光学介电常数有关。

Feb. 1988, quasi-biennial and quasi-3-to-4-year oscillation are invenstigated. It is found that the two oscillations are propagating from west to east at all levels, being out of paase for the tropics but in phase for the mid-latitudes; for the latter oscillations in West Pacific, it travels equatorially from both mid-latitudes at low-levels while from south to north through a well-defined channel at...

结果发现：纬向风准两年、准3─4年振荡在热带地区上、下层均一致自西向东传播，但位相相反；在中纬度地区，纬向风准两年、准3─4年振荡上、下层均盛行自西向东传播，且位相一致；西太平洋地区低层纬向风准3─4年振荡均为从南、北半球中纬度地区向赤道传播；高层纬向风准3─4年振荡在175─140°W附近存在一明显的通道，且为自南向北传播，而且在经向上呈1波特征。

To solve the problem of channel with distortions, an adaptive circuit is configured by a new laddered method based on relevant articles, and simulation study was made on four dimensional Chua's chaos oscillator. The simulation results demonstrated that: synchronization of two chaotic oscillators can be achieved when adaptive circuit has adaptive capability. Synchronization of two chaotic oscillators cannot be achieved when adaptive circuit has no adaptive capability. Simulation studies were done for five scroll chaotic oscillators that achieve bond-orbit, coupling and pulse synchronization.

为了解决信道畸变问题，根据相关文献提出的梯度法，本文构造了一种自适应同步电路，并以四阶变型蔡氏混沌振荡电路为例进行仿真研究，仿真结果表明：当自适应同步电路具有自适应效应时能实现有噪声干扰情况下的两个混沌振荡电路的同步；若自适应同步电路没有自适应效应时，则不能使两个混沌振荡电路同步；以5涡卷混沌振荡电路为例用键波同步法、耦合同步法、脉冲同步法进行同步仿真研究。

There was no increase in the summed amplitudes of the OPs when recorded in the single response to the first flash in mesopic BGL. However, the morphology of the oscillatory response altered. The first OP was reduced and a third oscillatory peak appeared.

中间照明亮度背景对于振荡电位的总振幅没有影响，但却改变了振荡波的图形：第一振荡波振幅减小，同时又新出现了第三个振荡波波峰。

According to the energy conservation theory, BOM and CSIM4 were coupled. The BOM has no treatment on transmission solar radiation, which is of great importance when the model is adapted to Arctic Ocean. So the treatment was introduced to BOM. Through numerical test on different lead albedos, it was found that sea ice thickness is not so sensitive to lead albedo, which may be contribute to the lead occupies little ratio within multiyear sea ice pack. The reason of summer over-melt of arctic sea ice is the NCEP reanalysis downward solar radiation being larger than its reality. Then the arctic sea ice climate variability was simulated. Results showed that: simulated ice thickness change is in accord with the submarine investigated mean sea-ice draft changes. Simulated annually maximum ice thickness along the Eurasian continental oceans are closely related to the observed ones. The long-term mean simulated ice motion has the same features of the SSM/I derived ice motion. Sea ice extents in differential sub-regions have same trends comparing to the satellite passive-microwave data derived ones. Simulated ice concentration is closely related to the observed in the Arctic sub-regions. Sea ice flux through the Fram Strait involves ice concentration, motion and thickness. It is a composite criterion for sea ice model evaluation. The simulated ice area and volume export through the strait accord with the satellite derived or statistically reconstructed ones.(5) The simulated ice thickness climate variability and mean sea surface current of the coupled model were analyzed, results showed: the total ice volume in the Arctic Ocean has a significant decreasing trend. The volume variability is of a 10-year timescale oscillation, with two major periods of 12-13a and 18-20a. Mean ice thickness in the arctic sub-seas has different tendencies. It has an increasing trend in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea, and decreasing in the others. The characteristic time scale of 7-10a wherein the river discharges leads the Fram Strait ice volume export is about the period that river water takes to be conveyed across the Arctic Ocean.(6) Using the simulated ice distribution in the Arctic Ocean and China precipitation, air temperature and SST in tropical key regions, the climate teleconnection were studied. Result showed: When the mean sea ice thickness is large in the central Arctic Ocean and Chukchi-Beaufort Sea , and small in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea , the precipitation in South China, Tibetan Plateau, and the north part of Northeastern China are always smaller than normal, and v. v. When the mean ice thickness is small in CA, BC, East Siberian Sea and Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Sea , and large in BL, The air temperature in north-eastern China, the southern of Tibetan Plateau, and Hainan Island, are always lower than normal, and v. v. In addition, when the sea ice is thick in BC and BL, the SST is larger in the middle and eastern Pacific Ocean, and is smaller in the tropical Southeastern Indian Ocean.

由于BOM没有考虑透射太阳辐射的物理过程，研究表明透射太阳辐射对北冰洋的能量收支起到重要作用，因此在BOM模式中引入了对透射太阳辐射的处理；通过对不同水道反照率的数值试验表明海冰厚度对水道反照率的敏感性不强，可能与海冰区水道面积占的比率很小有关；而模式模拟的北极海冰夏季&过度融化&主要源于NCEP再分析资料提供了偏大的太阳短波辐射；对北极海冰的气候变率进行了模拟研究，结果表明：模拟的海冰厚度变化与潜艇探测的海冰吃深度变化具有一致性；模拟和观测的亚欧大陆沿海的年内最大海冰厚度有很好的相关；模拟的海冰移速与长期平均的卫星反演的海冰移速具有相同的速度分布特征；模拟的各个海区海冰面积的变化趋势与卫星反演资料分析的结果基本一致；模拟与观测的主要海洋分区的海冰密集度具有很好的相关：弗瑞姆海峡的海冰体积和面积的输送涉及到海冰密集度、厚度和移动速度，是判断模式模拟能力的一个综合的指标，模式模拟的结果与卫星反演或重建的面积输送、体积输送具有很好的一致性；(5)分析了模拟的北极海冰厚度的气候变率及气候平均表层海流场，结果表明：北极海冰的总体积有显著减少的趋势，北极海冰总体积的变化具有10a际尺度振荡的特点，存在18-20a和12-13a两个主周期；北极海冰的平均厚度在各个海区的变化趋势不同，在巴伦支—喀拉海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海地区海冰厚度有显著的增加趋势，而其它海区存在减少的趋势；通过对模拟的气候平均表层海流的分析表明，北极河流流量超前弗瑞姆海峡海冰流量7-10年的特征时间尺度与表层海流的气候分布存在着必然联系：(6)利用模拟结果以及中国降水、气温和热带关键区SST资料，讨论了北极各海区海冰平均厚度与中国降水、气温以及热带关键区SST的关系，结果表明：在北极中心海区和楚科奇—波弗特海海冰厚度偏大，在巴伦支—喀拉海以及巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏小，则中国降水在华南地区、青藏高原和东北北部降水偏少，反之相反；在北极中心海区、东西伯利亚海、楚科奇—波弗特海以及格陵兰海海冰厚度偏小，在巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大，则在中国东北地区、高原南部地区和海南岛附近气温偏低，反之相反；另外，北极楚科奇—波弗特海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大时，在热带中东太平洋海温偏高，而在热带东南印度洋海温偏低。

A novel Belousov-Zhabotinskii type oscillating reaction was observed in a closed serine-BrO^-~3-Mn^2^+- H2SO4 system(Ser-BZ system), which exhibited the followign characteristics:(1)Although Ser is unable to be brominated, the sustained oscillations could still be observed in the above system under batchreactor conditions even in the absence of either acetone or inert gas flow.(2)The present oscillations displayed extremely short induction period(0) and very few oscillation number(1).(3)Cl^-, acrylonitrile, or Br^- could effectively inhibit the oscillations. However, in the case when enough Ag^+ was addedinto the system to completely inhibit the oscillations in , the oscillations on the Pt-electrode could still be observed.

首次报道了间歇釜中以丝氨酸-BrO^-~3-Mn^2^+-H2SO4为体系的新型BZ类振荡反应，其特征如下：(1)虽然Ser不能发生溴代反应，但即使在无丙酮或惰性气体流时也能在间歇釜中观察到持续振荡；(2)振荡诱导期极短(～0)，振荡次数较少(1次)；(3)振荡反应受到Cl^-，Br^-，丙烯腈等的抑制；但当加入足够量Ag^+使的振荡抑制后，仍可在Pt电极上观察到振荡现象。

The results show:① The predominant period bands represented in the lowfrequency fluctuation field are interseasonal fluctuations of 6 pentads (30 days) and 10 pentads (50 days) and the intraseasonal fluctuations of 15 to 17 pentads (75 to 85 days).② The 30day fluctuation period is an intrinsic fluctuation of the pentad precipitation in rainy season of Yunnan Province.③ When El Nino or La Nina happens, there is a 50day fluctuation period in the pentad precipitation in rainy season of Yunnan.④ While there is a 75-85 day fluctuation period in the pentad precipitation in rainy season of Yunnan, the precipitation anomaly percentage in the main flood period in Yunnan is positive; on the contrary, while there is no 75-85 day fluctuation, the precipitation anomaly percentage is negative.

结果表明：①云南地区雨季降水主要低频振荡周期为6候(30天)，10候(50天)的月际振荡和15～17候(75～85天)的季节内振荡；②云南雨季的候降水每年都存在30天振荡周期，30天振荡是云南雨季固有的振荡；③当发生El Nino或La Nina异常气候事件时，云南雨季的候降水存在50天振荡周期；④当云南雨季存在75～85天振荡时，云南主汛期(6～8月)降水距平百分率为正(除2000年为零距平)；当云南雨季不存在75～85天振荡时，云南主汛期降水距平百分率为负。

By means of the plating technology and the system designed and made ourselves, we call them as the direct-heat evaporating roll-pulled with vacuum piston and the helix evaporating of straight heat-wire with the negative thermal specific resistance , the align polishing ring films and the separating ones of pure gold have been plated directly at the inner wall of the capillary of Sealed-off CO〓 laser.

简便有效地使器件的输出功率、光束品质、稳定性和使用寿命都得以提高的作用效果；分析了放电驱动催化机理及催化效果与器件参数、工作状态及其中的等离子体过程的对应关系，建立了数学模型，编程数值计算了放电管内正柱区中等离子体参数分布及其与器件工作外参数的关系；利用我们设计开发的直热式真空活塞卷拖和负阻直热丝螺旋蒸镀工艺及制作的系统，在封离型CO〓激光器毛细管玻璃内壁上直接镀制出了单质金的镜面环膜和离散膜，经理论分析和实验检验，指出美国专利4756000号的环金方案将导致器件工作特性的改变和恶化，降低效率；肯定了正柱区边界部分场对建立良好的激光振荡的作用意义，明确提出了①作为高品质器件设计基础的弥散膜催化剂；②高斯管型弦驻波振动定型磨制、检测的新概念及相应的制备加工工艺；实际制出了管子，测定了其基本的工作特性和初期过程。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。