振动计

The effect of tribology factors on bearing vibration is studied experimentally. AR model and WPT are used to processing the normal arid abnormal signals. The results are as follows:1. The vibration of ball bearings is caused by the tribology action of contact pairs of ball and ring races and has the essential of tribo-dynamics. Any factors affecting the tribology characteristics of contact pairs will affect vibration and noise of bearings consequently.2. Vibration characteristics of bearing keep almostly unchanged with the increasing of axial load expecting the increasing of nature frequencies. When radial load increasing with axial load unchanged, nature frequencies keep unchanged but some new vibration peaks appears in the spectrum.3. Vibration amplitudes are damped and nature frequency are enhanced with sufficient lubrication. Vibration and noise of bearings increase obviously and roar can happen and the contact surfaces scratch slightly under insufficient and unclean lubrication state. Bearing will be disabled in a few minutes without any lubrication.4. Bearing vibration is unstable under low speed. With the speed increasing, the vibration become stable and natural frequencies increase slightly but the amplitudes increase apparently.5. Bearing vibration can be excited only by some harmonics ofwaviness without lubrication and by all harmonics with lubrication based on the theoretical analysis.6. The nature frequencies of ball bearings decrease with the increasing sizes. When international clearance increasing, nature frequencies decrease in radial and increase in axial and angular and the amplitudes increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular. When the number of balls increasing, nature frequencies increase and amplitudes decrease. When the pitch diameter increasing, axial nature frequency increase and others nearly keep no change. When outer race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular and amplitudes keep no change in radial and increase in axial and angular. When inner race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies decrease and amplitudes increase.7. The distortion in amplitude and frequency components of bearing vibration signals picked up by the present probe measurement method is founded and right conclusions cannot be achieved by the signals. When accelerometer is rigidly screwed with steel stud onto a flat outer surface of a ball bearing, vibration signal can be got without distortion and the reliability of research on bearing vibration is assured.8. AR model is suitable for large samples of bearing vibration signals, square root of length of samples can be used as the upper limitation of order determination and the FPE order selection criterion is effective. Many advantages of AR spectrum are founded over the classical based on FFT.9. Time-Frequency analysis is necessary for abnormal noise of ball bearings. WPT overcomes the principle shortcomings of STFT and proved to be a best tool to process the abnormal signals.

理论分析和试验研究表明： 1球轴承振动是钢球—滚道接触副中的各种摩擦学作用引起的，具有摩擦动力学的本质，任何对接触副的摩擦学特性有影响的因素都将对球轴承的振动和噪声特性产生影响； 2中心轴向载荷作用下，载荷增大使球轴承的固有振动频率升高，载荷越大同样的载荷增幅引起的频率升幅减小，足够大的中心轴向载荷作用下载荷的变化对球轴承振动的频率特性不会产生明显的影响； 3轴向和径向联合载荷作用下，径向载荷不大时球轴承振动的固有频率基本不变，但是可能引起变刚度激励的非线性振动，出现新的频峰，过大的径向载荷将使部分钢球脱离接触，使球轴承的振动和噪声呈现不稳定状态； 4润滑对球轴承的振动和噪声特性有重要的影响，良好的润滑对振动有明显的抑制作用，润滑不充分时，振动和噪声的水平会有明显增高，一定条件下还会激发接触副中的谐振，发出啸声，造成接触表面的伤害，无润滑干接触时，短时的运转就会损伤接触副表面，使振动和噪声迅速增大，并随时可能引发严重的磨损和卡滞失效；接触副润滑良好时，油膜的"刚化效应"使球轴承振动的固有频率有所提高，润滑剂中含有弥散性污浊时，振动的幅度总体升高，但弥散性污浊不会改变球轴承振动的频率特性；浙江大学博士学位论文：球轴承振动的研究 5低速时，球轴承振动的基本特征呈现不稳定状态，随着转速的提高，球轴承振动的频率特性趋于稳定，固有频率频峰升高； 6理论分析表明，干接触时钢球和滚道表面波纹度的某些谐波分量能激励球轴承的振动，振动的幅值与谐波幅值成正比，实际球轴承中钢球的分布不可能完全均匀，波纹度的激励作用会随时发生；润滑接触的分析表明，波纹度的任意谐波分量均能激励球轴承的振动； 7球轴承的几何和结构参数分析表明，球轴承尺寸越大，径向、轴向和角振动的固有频率越低；钢球中心圆直径增大，球轴承的径向和轴向振动的固有频率基本不变，角振动的固有频率有所上升，振动的幅频特性基本不变；径向游隙加大使球轴承的径向振动固有频率降低，轴向和角振动的固有频率有所升高，径向振动幅频特性的幅值升高，而轴向和角向降低；钢球的数量增多使球轴承振动的固有频率上升，幅频特性的幅值下降，径向振动的幅值下降最为明显；外圈沟曲率半径系数增大使球轴承径向振动的固有频率升高，轴向和角振动的固有频率降低，径向幅频特性基本不变，轴向和角向幅频特性幅值升高；内圈沟曲率半径系数增大使径向、轴向和角振动固有频率均下降，振动幅频特性的幅值均有升高； 8试验对比表明，传感器采用探针式安装时，由于探针接触副接触特性的影响，钡(量得到的球轴承振动信号有失真，采用专门设计和制作的试验球轴承，以固定式安装加速度计，首次测量得到了球轴承振动的真实信号，通过对振动信号的分析，验证了球轴承振动的理论模型； 9)基于时间序列分析的AR模型适用于大样本球轴承振动信号的分析，以样本长度的均方根值作定阶上界，FPE做判阶准则，给出的AR谱光滑，频率分辨率高，是球轴承振动分析的简便而可靠的手段； 10以时频域分析的小波包变换分析球轴承异音信号能够比较好地定位和聚焦异音发生的时间，时间间隔，频率范围，同样是球轴承振动分析的可靠的手段，可用作球轴承故障诊断技术。

It consists of light emitting diode ,an optical fiber probe ,and two photodetectors.

该光纤式振动计由发光二极管、光纤探头和两个光子探测器组成。

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可程式恒温恒湿箱、高低温试验箱、盐水喷雾试验机、干燥箱、热老化试验机、耐寒/耐黄变试验箱、冷热冲击试验机、灼热丝试验机、垂直+水平燃烧试验机、漏电起痕试验机、按键寿命试验机、插头插座负载寿命试验机、弹簧试验机、90度剥离强度试验机、破裂强度试验机、环压强度试验机、纸管/纸箱抗压试验机、耐磨擦试验机、插拔力试验机、转轴寿命耐久试验机、手机翻盖寿命试验机、鼠标滚轴寿命试验机、振动试验机、模拟汽车运输振动台、手机跌落试验机、包装跌落试验机、电线曲挠试验机、插头线突拉试验机、静态拉力试验机、线材弯折摇摆试验机、线材伸长率试验机、万能材料试验机、拉力试验机、落球冲击试验机、耳机疲劳寿命试验机、耳机拉伸寿命试验机、推拉力计、布、洛、维、肖、里、邵氏硬度计、影像测量仪、精密测绘显微镜、数字投影仪、体视显微镜、金相显微镜、读数显微镜、连续变倍显微镜、放大镜、卡尺、千分尺、标准砝码、高度计、厚度计、岩石平板、电子计重称、电子计数称、电子天平、分析天平、标准光源箱等。

To provide optical fiber: Fiber Distributed Temperature Stress Test System, Fiber Distributed Temperature Measurement System, Fiber Bragg Grating Health Monitoring System, fiber optic geophone systems, fiber Bragg grating wavelength calibration instrument and so on, which sensor product line is extremely rich and has industry representation, including: fiber optic temperature hygrometer, fiber-optic gas alarm, fiber-optic magnetic field sensors, optical fiber vibration sensor, fiber-optic high temperature pressure sensors, fiber-optic WIM system , fiber optic strain gauge welding, fiber optic embedded strain gauge, optical soil pressure gauge, fiber reinforcement meter, fiber optic pressure ring, fiber-optic displacement meter, fiber cracks meter, fiber optic osmometer, fiber-optic temperature sensor high temperature , optical fiber cable meter and so on.

北京达卡科技有限公司光纤方面提供：光纤分布式应力温度测试系统、光纤分布式温度测试系统、光纤光栅健康监测系统、光纤地震检波系统、光纤光栅波长校验仪等，其中传感器产品线极为丰富和具有行业代表性，包括：光纤温湿度计、光纤瓦斯报警器、光纤磁场传感器、光纤振动传感器、光纤耐高温高压传感器、光纤动态称重系统、光纤焊接式应变计、光纤埋入式应变计、光纤土压力计、光纤钢筋计、光纤压力环、光纤位移计、光纤裂缝计、光纤渗压计、光纤耐高温温度传感器、光纤钢索计等。

Xiaolinzhuozi. Laser Doppler vibroscope .

小林卓之。激光多普勒振动计。

Using the way of homodyne coherent detection, a fiber laser Doppler vibrometer is designed and completed.

采用零差的相干探测方式，设计并实现了一套光纤结构的激光多普勒振动计。

Armour rods (to be installed in suspension clamps) Parallel clamps Sub-Total, items 4.1-4.7 OTHER HARDWARE Counterweights for jumper or suspension insulator strings, including necessary device for attachement 50 kg 100 kg Sub-total, item 5.1 – 5.3 SPARES Insulator Units Type U160 Type U210BS Hardware for Conductor ACSR-BISON Complete set of hardware and fittings for suspension string Complete set of hardware and fittings for tension string Complete set of hardware and fittings for jumper string Complete set of hardware and fittings for transposition string Extra suspension clamps Extra tension clamps Extra tension joints Extra repair sleeves Extra vibration dampers Extra armour rods Extra spacers: for span for jumper alternatively spacer dampers Hardware for Earthwire 7 No. 6 AWG Complete suspension set Complete tension set Vibration dampers, Stockbridge type Extra tension clamps Extra tension joints Extra vibration dampers Extra parallel clamps Extra armour rods Hardware for Earthwire 7 No. 6 AWG Complete suspension set Complete tension set Vibration dampers, Stockbridge type Extra tension clamps Extra tension joints Extra vibration dampers Extra parallel clamps Extra armour rods Sub-Total, items 6.1-6.4 Sub-total, Items 1.4, 2.7, 3.8, 4.8, 5.4 and 6.5 Transfer to Summary, Schedule AS-1

装甲棒 平行夹具小计，项目4月1号至4月7号其他硬件重物跳线或中止绝缘子串，包括必要的设备attachement 50公斤 100公斤小计，项目5月1号至5月3号备件绝缘子单位型U160 类型U210BS 硬件导体钢芯铝绞线，拜森一套完整的硬件和配件的暂停字符串一套完整的硬件和配件的紧张字符串一套完整的硬件和配件的跳投字符串一套完整的硬件和配件的转字符串额外的悬浮夹额外的紧张局势夹额外的紧张关节额外的修理袖子额外的振动阻尼器额外的装甲棒额外的间隔：为跨度跳线或者间隔减震器硬件Earthwire 7特设工作组第6号完整的悬挂设定一套完整的紧张局势振动阻尼器，斯托克型额外的紧张局势夹额外的紧张关节额外的振动阻尼器额外的平行夹具额外的装甲棒硬件Earthwire 7特设工作组第6号完整的悬挂设定一套完整的紧张局势振动阻尼器，斯托克型额外的紧张局势夹额外的紧张关节额外的振动阻尼器额外的平行夹具额外的装甲棒小计，项目6月1号至6月4号小计，项目1.4 ， 2.7 ， 3.8 ， 4.8 ， 5.4和6.5 （换乘摘要，附表1 仅供参考

A simple and inexpensive optical fiber vibrometer with reflectivity and illuminating power compensation was presented.

介绍了一种结构简单、价格低、带有反射率和亮度补偿的光纤振动计。

This paper introduces the application background for developing an laser Doppler vibrometer for underwater acoustic communication and expounds the principle of laser Doppler vibrometer and two coherent detection methods.

介绍了激光多普勒振动计用于水下声光通信的应用背景，阐述了激光多普勒振动计的工作原理和两种相干检测方式。

At present, the Company electromagnetic vibration feeder, air hammer, level gauge, solenoid valve and control device, screw feeder, belt conveyor, bucket elevator, dust collector, zero speed switches, proximity switches, high-frequency coil , electromagnetic vibrators, vibration hopper, vibration controllers, marking electromagnet, power conditioners, heating units, heating the first, high-frequency cable, high-frequency transformers, ignition transformers and other products have been sold all over the country, has been unanimously praised users .

目前，本公司电磁振动给料机、气锤、料位计、电磁阀及控制仪、螺旋给料机、皮带输送机、斗式提升机、除尘器、零速开关、接近开关、高频线圈、电磁振动器、振动料斗、振动控制器、打标记电磁铁、电源调节器、加热单元、加热头、高频电缆、高频变压器、点火变压器等产品已销往全国各地，得到了用户一致好评。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了