挡土墙

After the first anchor rod wall applied in China in 1960s, because of the advantage of the anchor rod wall, it has been popular. However, the theory is lagging behind the engineering practice, so the research on the anchor rod wall is very necessary.

锚杆挡土墙由于其优点非常明显，自20世纪60年代由铁路部门自行设计的第一道锚杆挡土墙应用以来，在我国已经得到广泛的应用，但理论落后于实践非常明显，因此，对其进行研究是很有必要的。

The retaining wall reclining on the slight slope built on soft foundation is usually used in protecting the shore of river, the contradiction between the lack of impartiality in stress of the base and the small stress allowed by the foundation as well as the lack of stabilization of the breast wall is a hard nut to crack in the engineering .

软基上的仰斜式挡土墙在水利工程河道护岸中经常遇到，仰斜式挡土墙基底偏心应力较大和软基土地基容许承载力偏小的矛盾以及挡土墙抗滑稳定不足是工程中难以解决的难题。

After comparing and choosing optimize designmethods which are used often to engineering design, Improved Decimalist GeneticAlgorithm is adopted, with the help of excellent body clone+child body prepotencytechnology, the section view of balancing weight retaining wall is searched globly ,sooptimize design is achieved.

根据衡重式挡土墙的设计理论，构造衡重式挡土墙的优化设计模型；通过比选常用于工程设计的优化设计方法，采用改进的十进制遗传算法，利用优体克隆+子体优生操作等先进技术对衡重式挡土墙的截面形式进行全局搜索，从而实现衡重式挡土墙的优化设计。

Gabion retaining wall is compared with rigid retaining wall and other flexible retaining walls. A great deal of project instances at home and abroad are analyzed,the shortages of the calculation of earth pressure and distortion are pointed out,and some suggestion about research of gabion retaining wall is proposed,which has important meaning for the generalization of gabion retaining wall.

通过与刚性挡土墙及其他型式的柔性挡土墙进行对比，以及对大量国内外石笼挡土墙工程实例的分析，指出在土压力计算、变形计算等方面的不足，并提出研究建议，这对于石笼挡土墙的推广具有重要意义。

Nowadays, this structure is widely used although its design theory can not keep up with its engineering application. With the development of the west regions,with the construction of more infrastructures e.g. railways、highways and water conservancies, this kind of retaining wall will be more popular. So this paper does a research on this retaining wall based at a practical site.

目前这种结构应用较为广泛，但是其设计理论相对滞后于工程应用，随着国家西部大开发战略的实施，更多的铁路、公路和水电等基础设施项目陆续投入建设，桩基托梁挡土墙支挡结构也将大量应用，所以本文结合实际工点对桩基托梁挡土墙结构进行了研究。

The ladder style retaining wall is designed by "m" method ,which prevents the retaining wall from whole slippage and hunching effectively.

运用&m&法设计了阶梯形挡土墙，有效地防止了挡土墙的整体滑移和基坑隆起；在搅拌、喷粉的基础上进行了复喷、复搅，提高了挡土墙的支护能力和止水能力。

Prior to the introduction of modern reinforced-soil retaining walls, cantilevered walls were the most common type of taller retaining wall. Cantilevered walls are made from a relatively thin step of steel-reinforced, cast-in-place concrete or mortared masonry.

先于现代加筋挡土墙墙，悬臂式挡土墙是最常见的挡土墙形式，悬臂墙是由相对薄级别的钢筋准确浇筑，或由单元砖块砖石准确砌筑。

Based on a thorough analysis of the character and mechanism of city-retaining-wall structures, the design theories, construction technology, new wall types and development tendency are deeply discussed. Besides, the characteristics of various types of city retaining wall are discussed, and the usual methods for earth pressure calculation are summarized. For the anchored bar retaining wall, the anti-pulling bearing mechanism of anchored bar is first probed into, from which anti-pullforce computation method are obtained. Combined with quite a few engineering examples and spot tests, the advised design and calculation methods of anchored bar are verified. From the abundant spot measured date, an adjusted hyperbolic model is put forward to determine the anti-pullforce bearing capacity. Furthermore, a new type of H-like block retaining structure is advised with its working mechanism deeply discussed as well.

本文在综合分析目前常用城市挡土结构的特点及其受力特性等基础上，针对一般挡土墙设计理论、施工技术、新型结构以及未来的发展趋势进行了深入探讨，论述了城市挡土结构的特点，并对常用土压力理论进行了综述，介绍了城市挡土墙常见的类型，并介绍了常规的设计理论和方法；通过分析比较，优选出锚杆挡土结构和砌块式挡土结构，并从锚杆锚固原理出发，结合工程实践和大量现场试验、对锚杆的抗拔承载力进行了深入研究，提出了用调整双曲线模型法计算锚杆抗拔承载力的方法，对土压力计算方法进行了探讨，对其设计计算方法进行了研究。

In the paper, a tenon-base is added under the base of the retaining wall, on the study of the choice of the parameters and formulas used in calculation and the research of theory used in calculation, method used to deal with the load, etc, the writer gives a way to crack the nut mentioned above paragraphs and presents a qualitative and quantitative analysis about them, such as the equivalent inner friction-angle and the passive press of the clay, etc.

本文在对仰斜式挡土墙设计中有关计算参数的选择、公式的选用应该注意的问题进行了研究，对河道护岸软基础上的仰斜式挡土墙采用凸榫基础处理的方法，就其计算理论、设计验算中各荷载的具体处理方法进行了较为细致的研究，提出了解决软基础上的水工仰斜式挡土墙难以解决的难题的方法，并对有水情况下粘土等效内摩擦角Ψ_D、凸榫被动土压力E_p等在计算中的取值提出了定性和定量的分析。

Study was conducted regarding to the relationship between the lateral earth pressure, the acting point of resultant force and the resulting turning moment to the back of retaining walls, and the deformed ground profile of backfills.

在挡土墙平移各历程阶段，研究挡土墙背水平向侧土压力、挡土墙背水平向侧土压合力作用点与倾覆力矩和填土地表变形轮廓等之关系，并就填土地表急剧区间与经典库仑理论平面滑动面位置作比较探讨。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。