挖洞

Both the relation between classification of Q and overbreak as well as underbreak and the relation classification of RMR and overbreak as well as underbreak are researched in this paper.

4正确评价岩体的质量，进行围岩分类，对研究岩体质量与洞室超欠挖之间的关系及分析和预测洞室超欠挖具有重要的意义。

The relation between different openings radius and overbreak as well as underbreak are studied. According to these, the relation between RMR and Q is built. The linear relation and the logarithm linear relation between RMR and Q and overbreak as well as underbreak are gained.

论文对洞室围岩的RMR分类和Q分类与超欠挖之间的关系进行详细的研究，研究不同开挖洞径与洞室超欠挖之间的关系，并由此建立了RMR分类和Q分类之间的关系，得出围岩的RMR分类和Q分类与洞室超欠挖呈线性关系或对数线性关系。

The basic principle is that basic geometry shape of openings in the photo is revised; the image can't be distortion by use of projection reconstruction; the corrected image is exerted by open operation and close operation of gray-image; the shape of openings is gained lastly. The perimeter borderline of openings shape is extracted. The quantity of overbreak as well as underbreak is gained by comparing to extracted perimeter and designed perimeter. The same method is applied to other opening sections. Evaluation of overbreak as well as underbreak in the openings can be easily solved in the way of quantitative.

其基本原理是：对野外摄取的洞室的基本剖面形状进行几何校正，然后应用图像学中的投影重建方法使图像不失真，对修正后的图像实行灰度图像的开操作和闭操作运算，得到洞室的基本形状，然后用图像学中的边界提取技术提取洞室的周边界，与洞室的设计形状对比分析，得到洞室在该断面上的超欠挖方量，然后对其它断面采用同样的技术就可评价某一段或整个洞室的超欠挖数量，从定量的角度解决了工程中的超欠挖评价问题。

The blasting excavation ways are the other factor of affecting overbreak as well as underbreak in the openings. So far, the research about the effect of blasting excavation to overbreak as well as underbreak is not be reported in the domestic. The openings perimeter shape that is be affected by blasting is researched from the angle of rock rupture.

论文旨在从岩体的破坏机理出发，对裂隙岩体开挖后的洞室周边分数维进行研究，提出了裂隙岩体洞室开挖周边的广义分数维模型，并且对不同影响参数与洞室周边分数维之间的关系进行分析，从分形理论的角度建立洞室周边广义分数维与洞室超挖之间的关系，从而建立了以岩体破裂机理为基础的超欠挖与广义分数维之间的关系。

The generalized fractal dimension model of openings perimeter in jointed rock mass is put forward. The relation between erecting parameters and generalized fraetal dimension of openings perimeter is analyzed. According to the fractal theory, the relation between overbreak as well as underbreak and generalized fractal dimension of openings perimeter is built.

块体理论是研究洞室超欠挖的重要工具，它是从拓扑几何学的角度来研究洞室中的关键块体，但关键块体与超挖块体之间存在区别，文中对超挖块体和关键块体之间的关系进行分析研究，应用块体理论和结构面网络模拟技术相结合的方法预测了洞室超挖块体的大小。

The Galaxy中有这样一段话:"homely, smacking of humor and belonging to slang, or on its confines, like 'snug as a bug in a rug,'...and 'happy as a clam at high water', that is, when the flood tide protects him from the spade".

如果你有在沙滩上挖蛤蜊的经历，那么你肯定知道挖蛤蜊要在退潮的时候，在沙滩上挖个洞，有时候要挖两英尺多深，才会发现蛤蜊。

Wash your face in the morning sun Flash your pan at the song that I'm singing Touch down bass living on the run Make no sweat at the hole that you're digging Wrap up cold when it's warm outside Your shit jokes remind me of Digsy's Be my magic carpet ride Fly me down to capitol city in the sun Kicking up a storm from the day that I was born Sing a song for me one from let it be Open up yer eyes, get a grip on yerself inside So wash your face in the morning sun Flash your pan at the song that I'm singing Touch down bass living on the run Make no sweat at the hole that you're digging Kicking up a storm from the day that I was born Sing a song for me one from let it be Open up yer eyes, get a grip on yerself inside Inside Yeah, a grip inside Yeah, a grip inside You betcha!

在清晨的阳光里洗你的脸在你唱的歌声中擦亮你的锅底层的生活正在继续着舒适的在你挖的洞里当外面温暖时将寒冷包起来你的笑话使我想起了Digsy 成为了我的魔毯在阳光下带我飞向国会大厦赶走了我出生那天下起的暴风雨为我唱一首歌随他们去打开你的眼睛紧紧地把握住你自己在清晨的阳光里洗你的脸在你唱的歌声中擦亮你的锅底层的生活正在继续着舒适的在你挖的洞里赶走了我出生那天下起的暴风雨为我唱一首歌随他们去打开你的眼睛控制住你自己后面的就和前面的差不多，这只是我自己翻译的，有很多地方我犯的不是很好，希望能给你一个参考

A snow cave can mean the difference between life and death during a storm, but digging one requires not just know-how but the right conditions: deep snow, a steep slope, and snow of the right consistency for digging.

在暴风雪来临的时候，一个雪洞可能意味着生和死的不同。但挖一个雪洞不仅仅是需要挖的决窍，还需要合适的情形：雪的深度，斜坡的陡峭程度，雪的密实程度是不是适合开挖。

The female sea turtle digs a hole in sand with her back feet.

雌性海龟在沙滩上用它们的后腿挖洞。

I'm closer to diggin' myself to China than you are to gettin' to Carson City.

我挖洞到了中国，你也不会到卡逊城。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。