指标误差

The result is evaluated using mean absolute error, maximum absolute error and minimum absolute error.

所选用的精度指标包括：绝对值平均误差、绝对值最大误差以及绝对值最小误差三种。

As steady error coefficient is an important index in measuring system error, it is introduced into the performance index set. A solution of satisfactory biased estimation strategy is proposed by assuming that the maneuver of target is finite, which can ensure the accuracy and stability of the estimation output.

稳态误差系数是衡量系统误差的一个重要指标，于是本文将估计系统的动态误差系数纳入多指标约束，借助满意估计理论，在假定目标机动强度有限的前提下，给出了可兼顾滤波输出精度和平稳性要求的满意有偏滤波器的设计方法。

At the same time we brought forward a simulation of the forward collision warning model with 29dof vehicle model developed by State Key Laboratory of Automobile Dynamic Simulation of JiLin University, simulation showed that the model realized the expecting request. 3、It is the membership function of evaluation index that caused flat effect of some certain index and also because of truncation error of computer that the model can not identify relative safety of safe points and unsafe points.

在对驾驶员最优预瞄加速度模型的研究过程中，发现原有模型模糊决策环节的四个评价指标中由于部分指标采用了分段函数作为隶属函数而导致评价指标的平台效应，进而影响到相对接近度指数出现平台效应，又由于计算机截断误差的存在，导致相对接近度指数无法分辨绝对安全点的相对安全性和绝对危险点的相对安全性。

An optimal control law is obtained by minimizing the average performance through spectral factorization and a practical control method for integrator and dead time plant is presented in the presence of plant uncertainty and control energy constraint.

首先基于一类随机模型误差的描述，定义了一个平均意义上的包含跟踪误差和控制能量在内的性能指标；然后通过谱分解极小化该性能指标，导出一个最优的控制律，从而为模型不确定性和控制能量约束并存条件下一类非自衡对象的最优控制问题提供了一种实用的控制方法。

Range of upper bound index on error state variance that is consistent with circular pole index is discussed for state estimation of a class of linear stochastic systems.

对一类连续线性随机系统的估计问题，研究了与圆形极点指标相容的误差状态方差上界指标的取值范围，从而给出直接判定方差上界指标与极点指标相容的一个充分条件。

A quantitative method is presented to analyze and estimate the influence of different error sources on the final isoclinic results calculated by FCPST or the other PST.

本文提出它们影响五步彩色相移法的定量误差分析方法；提出控制各误差的具体指标；给出了避免或降低这些误差源影响的措施，为合理设计制造仪器、指导实验和保证实验结果的精度提供了依据。

In this paper, firstly, the new combined error model of cumulative geoid height influenced by three error sources including the inter-satellite range-rate of K-band ranging system, orbital position of GPS receiver and non-conservative force of accelerometer from GRACE satellites is established using the semi-analytical method. Secondly, the dependability of error models is demonstrated based on matching relationship among the accuracy indexes of key payloads. Finally, the accuracy of global gravitational field up to degree and order 120 is effectively and rapidly estimated from GRACE Level 1B measured observation errors of the year 2006 publicized by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the USA, and the cumulative geoid height error is 18.368 cm at degree 120, which preferably accords with the Earth's gravitational field model EIGEN-GRACE02S provided by the GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam in Germany.

首先基于半解析法建立了新的GRACE卫星K波段测量系统星间测速、GPS接收机轨道位置和加速度计非保守力误差联合影响累计大地水准面的误差模型；其次，基于各关键载荷精度指标的匹配关系，论证了误差模型的可靠性；最后，基于美国喷气动力实验室公布的2006年的GRACE Level 1B实测误差数据，有效和快速地估计了120阶全球重力场的精度，在120阶处累计大地水准面的精度为18.368 cm，其结果和德国地学研究中心公布的EIGEN-GRACE02S全球重力场模型符合较好。

First not taking the measurement error of covariates into account, we construct respectively structural regression models of lung function indices on the covariates. Then we use structural regression models with measurement error of multidimensional covariates to estimate synthetically the average effects of air pollution on lung function of preadolescent children.

先不考虑协变量—儿童年龄、身高、体重的测量误差，分别就儿童的各项肺功能指标对年龄、身高和体重建立结构回归模型；然后在协变量的测量误差分布相同和不同的假设下，分别建立各项肺功能指标对年龄、身高和体重的带有测量误差的结构回归模型，从而综合估计空气污染对儿童肺功能的平均影响效应。

By study of the statistic characteristics of flood forecasting errors and their confidence intervals for Nushi watershed at Sanhuajian of the Yellow River and on the basis of a comparison of the precision criterion currently used for flood forecasting with the result of the error confidence interval method, it is concluded that the error of flood forecasting is of the characteristic of skew probability distribution, and that the evaluated results of forecasting errors are different by the above two methods.

因此，本文在三花间伊河卢氏流域洪水预报的基础上研究了误差置信限及误差置信限评定方法，并将误差置信限评定结果与现行水情预报精度标准[1]评定结果进行了比较。1 现行洪水预报评定方法流域洪水预报精度评定内容包括洪峰流量、峰现时间和洪量等。洪水预报误差指标有绝对误差、相对误差和确定性系数3种。预报误差小于许可误差时为合格预报。

The research involves constructing network error model, choosing interpolation method, computing and validating integrity index for error correction, calculating user protection level.

算法主要包括网络系统完备性算法和用户完备性算法，内容包括网络误差模型的建立、插值算法的选择、误差改正数完备性指标的计算、完备性指标的验证和用户保护水平的计算等。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。