指标函数

The causes of shield tunnel defections could be divided into six branches: the segment dislocations, lining material deterioration and seepage. etc. Fault trees are also founded to illustrate each branch. 23 quantitative elements from the fault trees are selected to serve as the diagnosis indexes, all of which could be applied in engineering practice. By using the AHP method, a 3-level diagnosis index system is established. Afterwards, the procedure of setting up the quantitative judging criteria is given, as well as the relative index weight of index layer, by using the improved Analytic Hierarchy Process-multiplication scale method. At last, the values of corresponding parameters of membership functions are set, with the Cauchy distribution model.

将盾构隧道常见病害成因分为管片错位、衬砌材质劣化以及渗漏水等6个子系，对每个子系构建了病害故障树；从工程应用角度出发，从故障树中选取了23个可定量化因素作为评价指标，通过层次分析法建立了三层病害评价指标体系；对体系中单一评价指标的定量化分级方法进行简述，并给出所有指标的建议分级标准，采用改进的层次分析法－乘积标度法确定了各评判指标之间的相对权重；确定了基于Cauchy分布模型的隶属函数的关键参数。

In order to achieve the simultaneous optimization of the two major electrophoretic performance goals for efficient and fast separations, the Derringer desirability functions were chosen as the optimization criteriaon. The selected parameters were encoded into binary bit strings, and then genetic algorithm calculations were performed to generate a new set of experimental conditions by the values of total desirability functions.

并用Derringer功效函数作为多指标同时优化的评价指标，以取得较高的分离度和较快分离速；通过对实验参数给予编码，转化为二进制字符串，根据得到的总功效函数値大小进行遗传算法操作，产生新的一组实验条件。

At the same time we brought forward a simulation of the forward collision warning model with 29dof vehicle model developed by State Key Laboratory of Automobile Dynamic Simulation of JiLin University, simulation showed that the model realized the expecting request. 3、It is the membership function of evaluation index that caused flat effect of some certain index and also because of truncation error of computer that the model can not identify relative safety of safe points and unsafe points.

在对驾驶员最优预瞄加速度模型的研究过程中，发现原有模型模糊决策环节的四个评价指标中由于部分指标采用了分段函数作为隶属函数而导致评价指标的平台效应，进而影响到相对接近度指数出现平台效应，又由于计算机截断误差的存在，导致相对接近度指数无法分辨绝对安全点的相对安全性和绝对危险点的相对安全性。

We provide a substitution box, exponential permutation which has much measurable security, and give a enumerating result and a fast algorithm of calculating such permutation. An almost perfect nonlinear exponential permutation with high algebric degree is proposed. with some discussion on how to select the parameters of such permutation. The experimental result shows us a conjecture that there exists no such permutation over even dimensional space. As a way of generating substitution boxes, we briefly point out the cryptographic weakness of the exponential functions derived from such permutation. We also present two new cryptographic indexes, fixed point and cyclic structure, on which we investigate the performance of such permutation. Finally, we give a viewpoint about the application of correlation immune functions in designing substitution boxes.

提供了一种可度量安全强度的代换盒－幂置换；详细阐述了幂置换的实现和计数问题；给出了一种计算幂置换的快速算法；从几乎完善非线性幂置换角度讨论了幂置换参数的选取，并提出了一种高次几乎完善非线性置换；通过试验给出了关于偶数维空间上几乎完善非线性幂置换的一个猜想；简要给出了由幂置换派生出的幂函数的密码局限性；针对幂置换，提出了两个密码安全指标：不动点和循环结构；证明了幂置换在这两个指标下的密码性能；简要讨论了相关免疫函数与代换盒设计的关系。

Sensitivity function and control sensitivity function are obtained by Youla parameterization of controller,which is used to describe an integral square performance criterion containing tracking error and control energy.

由控制器Youla参数化得到控制系统的敏感度函数和控制敏感度函数用来表示一个包含跟踪误差和控制能量在内的积分平方性能指标，针对不同类型的时滞过程运用谱分解的方法最小化该性能指标，从而导出相应控制器的设计方法，可使系统在控制能量约束条件下具有最优的控制性能。

If theharmonic index is finite,then each end may be represented by a non-constant positiveharmonic function,and these functions compose a partition of unity.For minimalhypersurfaces with finite total scalar curvature,we can explicitly estimate the harmonicindex.Moreover,the space of bounded harmonic functions are exactly generated bythose functions associated to each end.This gives geometric interpretations of the ends.

若调和指标有限，则每个端均可由一非常值的调和函数代表，它们形成了一个单位分解，对于全纯量曲率有限的极小超曲面，我们明确地估计了调和指标，进一步，有界调和函数正好由代表端的那些调和函数所生成，这就给出了端的几何解释。

The PID parameter tuning of non-linear control system is set as the engineering background. The aim is the optimal design of PID parameter. On the basis of the design and research of the advanced PID parameter tuning, the mathematical model-transfer functionis developed through correlation analysis on statistical method.And with the optimization algorithm under constraint condition, the non-linear, Isqnonlin is set as object function. Then with connection of the non-linear constrain optimization algorithm and simulink technique, a set of adjust parameters which fit the performance index of the control system are found. And optimization design process and steps are provided.

本文以非线性控制系统PID参数整定为工程背景，以PID参数的优化设计为目标，在分析和研究国内外PID参数先进整定方法的基础上，运用相关分析实验统计方法建立对象的数学模型——传递函数，把PID参数设计问题转化为一种非线性优化设计问题，借助于约束条件下的优化算法，以非线性最小平方指标为目标函数，将非线性约束优化算法同Simulink仿真技术相结合，找出符合控制系统品质指标的一组调节参数。

The multi-index comprehensive evaluation model was established by artificial neural network BP algorithm. The evaluation index was described by adopting subordinative function of fuzzy mathematics. Sample-study pattern consists of the values of subordinative function on ends and on middle point.

利用人工神经网络BP算法建立了多指标综合评价模型，采用模糊数学的隶属函数对评价指标进行描述，由隶属函数的端点值和中间值组成学习样本模式，举例讨论了神经网络在多指标综合评价中的应用方法及应注意的一些问题。

For this reason, the old methods can not fally meet the need of engineering practical application.3 By analyzing the principle and expound the methods of thecand the gray relationship clustering, the gray clustering matrix and method are presented.The gray clustering is a method that gather some obseration quotas or obseration objects to be some definable classification according to the gray relationship clustering matrix or gray albescent authority function.

3分析了灰色白化权函数聚类和灰色关联聚类的原理并阐述了其具体方法，提出了诊断变压器内部故障的灰色聚类模型和方法，灰色聚类是根据灰色关联矩阵或灰色白化权函数将一些观测指标或观测对象聚集成若干个可定义类别的方法；对结构复杂的大型电力变压器等电气设备的故障诊断，首要的问题是如何根据反映变压器故障的特征量指标来正确判断待诊设备是哪一类故障。

Secondly, it aimed the research on model and method of railway large-sized passenger terminals emergency capability assessment. It designed the emergency capability assessment index system including the MECE principle during the design. After in-deep studied the hierarchy entropy analysis method to dealing with the weight, it calculated the weights of the emergency capability assessment indexes. And it studied the risk assessment model based on the set-valued statistics and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, proposed the emergency capability assessment model based on the risk. During the research on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, the paper improved the circular distribution subordinate function to calculate the index membership.

其次，对铁路大型客运枢纽站突发事件应急能力评价的模型和方法进行了研究，建立了应急能力评价指标体系，提出了MECE评价指标设计原则；深入研究了确定指标权重的层次熵分析法，并计算出了铁路大型客运枢纽站突发事件应急能力评价指标权重；构建了集集值统计风险评价模型和模糊综合评价模型于一体的风险应急能力评价模型，并在模糊综合评价研究中，改进了确定单指标隶属度的圆形分布隶属函数法。

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Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。