指标

The main work and the originality points of this dissertation could be concluded as the following parts:(1) To analyze systematically the mathematical model of LES of air flow in great space, under the case of isothermal and non-isothermal, as well as the combined action of buoyancy and strain. Some basic problems are studied about the LES application into airflow simulation of great space, such as boundary conditions, spatial difference scheme and time advancing scheme, time step etc., which creates the basis for the LES application to indoor airflow simulation.(2) Both the instantaneous and time averaged flow field of great space with multiple jets under isothermal and non-isothermal cases are explored with large eddy simulation method, and also discussed the dynamic characteristics and the law of fluidflow in the great space.(3) Based on the results of LES of the great space and the Fanger thermal comfort indexes, it is brought forward the concept of the series of dynamic thermal comfort evaluating indexes, which could be divided into thermal comfort index with time averaged properties PD, PPD, PMV, thermal comfort index with instantaneous properties IPD, IPPD, IPMV, and time averaged thermal comfort indexes TAPD, TAPPD, TAPMV, and transient situations time averaged thermal comfort indexes TTAPD, TTAPPD, TTAPMV. The differences among them and the calculation methods are discussed, and the four kinds of indexes are calculated with the thermal comfort index PD as an example.(4) Based on the LES results it is discussed the hot air stratification phenomena in air-conditioned buildings in the case with air supply and return registers on the ceiling and the case on the sidewall. The fundamentals of the hot air stratification are studied and the relations of estimating hot air stratification are brought forward.(5) With the advanced apparatus such as hot wire film anemometer IFA300 and laser particle field anemoscope, corresponding model test and site measurements have been done, which are compared with the simulation results and LES is proved a very promising method in air flow simulation indoor.

本文主要工作既创新点体现在以下几个方面：(1)系统分析了等温、非等温和考虑剪切力与浮升力综合作用的高大空间大涡模拟数学模型，并研究了高大空间大涡模拟在室内气流仿真应用中的一些基本问题，如边界条件、空间离散格式和时间推进格式、时间步长选择等问题，为大涡模拟在室内气流计算中的广泛应用打下了基础；(2)首次用大涡模拟方法研究了高雷诺数下高大空间多射流在等温、非等温情况下的瞬时流场和时均流场分布，并探讨了多射流流场的动态特性和流动规律；(3)基于大涡模拟的动态仿真结果和Fanger的热舒适指标，首次系统地提出了动态热舒适评价指标体系的概念：即基于时间平均参数的热舒适指标PD、PPD、PMV；基于瞬时参数的瞬时热指标IPD、IPPD、IPMV；基于时间平均热舒适指标TAPD、TAPPD、TAPMV；以及沿行动迹线的时间平均热舒适指标TTAPD、TTAPPD、TTAPMV，并分析了四类热舒适指标的差异性和计算方法，还以PD值为例对四类指标分别进行了计算；(4)基于数十种工况下空调房间大涡模拟的结果，研究了空调建筑上送上回和侧送侧回两种情况下热分层现象，并探讨了热分层的基本规律，首次提出了避免热分层现象的判断公式；(5)在暖通空调领域，首次使用IFA300热线风速仪、激光粒子速度场仪等先进设备，完成了与大涡模拟相对应的模型试验，并把实测结果与仿真结果进行了对比，说明LES在室内气流仿真方面是一种很有前景的方法。

First of all, confirm the overall evaluating indicators and the base indicators of public transport network in Chinese large cities through repetitive comparison, discussion and consultation to relevant experts; among the base indicators in the overall evaluating indicators, composite the basic probability assignment of evaluation indicators with Dempster-Shafer Theory composition rule upon different experts' experiences and preferences of the expert group, and amalgamate the evaluations of different experts to further obtain the evaluation value of base indicators.

首先通过反复比较、探讨和征询有关专家的意见，确定大城市公交线网综合评价指标及子指标，在综合评价指标的子指标中，对专家组中不同专家的经验和偏好，用证据理论合成规则对评价指标的基本概率赋值进行合成，将不同专家的评价进行融合，获得子指标的评价值，然后通过突变理论将评价指标及子指标作为控制变量进行地面公交线网的综合评价，对北京市进行算例分析结果表明，该方法对大城市公交线网的综合评价是可行。

According to the principle for selecting indicators, there are four steps to set up indicator system. Firstly, choosing a mass of indicators. Secondly, analyzing and excluding some indicators. Thirdly, expert epagoge. Finally, confirming the final indicators. The indicator system emphasizes social economy, land use, the degree of investment and management.

本文在已有研究成果的基础上，根据评价指标选取的原则，按照指标初选——归纳分析与指标剔除——指标初步论证与专家筛选——指标确定的工作流程，结合实地调查初步确定了若干指标，并将这些初选指标进行了层次划分，着重从社会经济、土地利用、投入力度和管理层等方面构建指标体系框架。

An index system was set up in this paper,including six eco-hydrological characteristic indexes,that is,long-term variables,high-flow variables,low-flow variables,moving-average variables,variables related to the rise and fall of the hydrograph and mo...

借鉴国外已有的研究成果，建立了一套指标体系包括长期指标、高流量指标、低流量指标、平均变化指标、涨水落水指标和月流量指标，通过分析指标的变化来评价水利水电工程对生态环境的影响。

37 SAC-36 Icterus index 01363 黄疸指标 Definition: This field is the index identifier that is being used to describe the Icterus Index of the specimen.

定义：这一字段说明了用于描述标本黄疸指标的指标标示符。

35 SAC-34 Lipemia index 01361 血脂指标 Definition: This field is the index identifier that is being used to describe the Lipemia Index of the specimen.

定义： 这一字段说明了用于描述标本血脂指标的指标标示符。

To the problem that the isotropy and the technological efficiency of the parallel kinematic machine based on Stewart platform are not satisfactory, a novel architecture of 6-DOF 3-dimensional platform parallel kinematic machine (6-DOF 3-D PPKM) based on the 2-2-2-SPS 3-D PPR is presented. The technological efficiency of design of the parallel kinematic machine is analyzed. Its workspace and the effect of design parameters to the workspace volume are studied. By using the submatrices of Jacobian matrix and force Jacobian matrix, the kinematics/mechanics transmission isotropic indices, kinematics transmission indices, load-bearing capacity indices at any configuration of the parallel kinematic machine are proposed, respectively.

分析其结构和装配工艺性，研究其定位姿工作空间及机床结构参数对工作空间大小的影响，基于Jacobian矩阵和力Jacobian矩阵中同量纲元素构成的子阵，提出该并联机床在任意位姿的运动／力学传递各向同性评价指标、运动学传递能力评价指标和承载能力评价指标；基于柔度矩阵中同量纲元素构成的子阵，提出该并联机床在任意位姿的力-位置柔度评价指标、力-姿态柔度评价指标、力矩-姿态柔度评价指标和力矩-位置柔度评价指标；研究各性能指标在定位姿工作空间内的分布情况。

Based on the example of shahe reservoir, the text makes an analysis on circulation, management and environment and social economy development condition of the surrounding ecosystem. Then, the author carries on inquisition, data analysis and summary and makes calculation and demonstration of the safe stability of the dam ,and discusses the risking obviation and reinforcing technique. Finally, based on the existing research of sustainable development, experts" opinions and Mathematical Statistics analysis, the author brought forward an indication system suitable for reservoirs" sustainable development This system is made up of 4 first class indexes, 13 second class indexes, 38 foundational indexes. The 4 first class indexes are the dam safety evaluating index, the management index of reservoirs, the water ecosystem system stability index, the reservoirs construction effect index. The 13 second class indexes are the construction quality evaluating index, the dam running and management evaluating index, the flood control standard recheck index, the structure safety evaluating index, the anti- earthquake evaluating index, seepage safety evaluation index sign, the metal structure safety evaluating index, the engineering facility index, the management index, the water ecosystem system stability index, engineering effect index, the economic development index, the society development index.

本文以沙河水库为例，对其运行、管理及周围生态环境和社会经济发展状况进行调查，并将调查资料进行分析、归纳、总结；然后对水库大坝的安全稳定情况作出了简要的计算和论证，并讨论了水库的主要除险加固技术；最后在总结现有可持续发展研究的基础上，征集专家的意见，进行数理统计分析，提出了由4个一级指标、13个二级指标、38个基层指标组成的一套适合该水库可持续发展的指标体系。4个一级指标分别为：水库大坝运行安全综合评价指标、水库管理指标、水资源生态系统稳定性指标、水库建设效应指标；13个二级指标分别为：工程质量评价指标、大坝运行管理评价指标、防洪标准复核指标、结构安全评价指标、抗震安全评价指标、渗流安全评价指标、金属结构安全评价指标、工程设施指标、管理指标、水资源生态系统稳定性指标、工程效应指标、经济发展指标、社会发展指标。

Univariate indices are not adequate for assessing the capability of processes with multiple characteristics. Among all developed multivariate process capabilities, index has the most accurate estimation of Cpm. takes into account both the ratio of the tolerance region to the process region and the probability of nonconforming product. However, the exact probability distribution of is too complicated to be derived. Consequently, the related hypothesis testing and confidence interval cannot be developed.

在众多的指标当中，单变量制程能力指标的发展已趋成熟，而多品质特性的制程能力指标还在持续的发展中，其中多品质特性制程能力指标是所有多品质制程能力指标中估计值最准确的指标，但在利用多品质制程能力指标Cpm来评选两个制程的制程能力时，由於指标之机率分配过於复杂，迄今未能推导出其相关的统计假说检定或信赖区间，因此无法发展出检定两个制程能力指标Cpm是否有差异的统计检定程序。

Sensatory indexes, physicochemistry indexes, hygeian indexes, safty indexes, nutrition indexes, quality control indexes, efficacy indexes and other specific indexes have made up the quality standards of health wine.

保健酒质量标准包含感官指标、理化指标、卫生指标、安全指标、营养指标、品质控制指标、功效指标和其他特性指标。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。