指数化

By utilizing an exponential transformation and piecewise linearization technique,transforming the exponential terms into the sum of absolute terms,and linearizing each absolute term,the original problem can be transformed into a linear programming problem which can be easily solved.

使用指数变换及利用分段线性化技术转变每个指数项为一些带绝对值项的和，再将绝对值项线性化，最终将原问题转化为一个线性规划问题。

Experimental methods: pathological slices: To observe the changes of pathomorphology and measure the circular area of internal elastic lamina , area of neonate intima and vascular lumen, the intimal proliferatory index and percentage, the index of lumen stenosis and positive index of proliferating cell nuclear antigen through the specimens stained by HE and immunohistochemistry.

实验方法：病理切片：进行HE染色和免疫组织化学染色，分别观察病理形态学改变；测定和计算受损血管内弹力膜环绕总面积、新生内膜面积、管腔面积、内膜增生指数、内膜增生百分比、管腔狭窄指数和增殖细胞核抗原阳性指数；观察MMP-2、MMP-3、TIMP-1和PDGF-BB的免疫组化表达。

First, select four kinds of main risks source from bigly celebrate the main risk in region source, namely the flood, drought, sand-dust weather and petroleum pollution accident, etc. According to the different a request for to habitat, study this 19 kinds of landscapes ecosystem type of the Regional induce for 7 kinds of ecosystems system: Then the marsh of bulrush, lakes and reservoirs , salt alkali wasteland, prairie, island form wood, farmland, town. The difference is proceeded by characteristic according to each type ecosystem to the analysis of four kinds of main risks source, including the certain risk all rate, delimiting the space distribute, analyzing the risk strength to the receptor etc. At proceed the revelation the different from endanger to analyze the inside, this text borrows ecosystem index number that this index sign to reflect primarily habitat the ecosystem meaning of the type of habitat the different from position, with weak an index number to show the destructibility of the habitat, from but compute each ecosystem that is lost by ecosystem system an index number.

首先，从大庆地区主要的风险源中遴选出四种主要的风险源，即洪涝、干旱、沙尘天气和石油污染等；依据不同生物类群对生境的要求，将本研究区域的19种景观生态类型归纳为7种生态系统：即芦苇沼泽、湖泡库渠、盐碱荒地、草甸草原、岛状林、农田、城镇；对四种主要风险源的进行分析，包括确定风险概率，划定空间分布，对风险受体的作用强度分析等；在进行暴露和危害分析中，本文主要借生态指数这一指标来反映不同生境类型的生态意义和地位，以脆弱度指数来体现不同生境的易损性，从而计算出各受体生态系统的生态损失度指数；由于各主要风险物质对风险受体的作用强度是不同的，对形成区域性生态风险的作用大小也有差异，因此本文采用层次分析法对主要生态风险物质进行综合评价，并把判断矩阵排序权值的合理计算问题归为—非线性化问题，并提出用基于遗传算法(GA[5])的层次分析模型进行权重分析；进行风险表征，即综合前面两个阶段的信息，对环境中风险的性质和强度以及风险评价过程中不确定性问题进行分析与描述，并划分出五级生态风险区；最后，根据划分的五级生态风险区的特征，分别提出针对各生态风险区的生态风险管理对策。

Itimes of that of controlled larvae. The mortal peaks of larvae wasl-7d and 29-35 d, in which most of treated larvae was killed. The transgenic Betula platyphylla could reduce the ecdysis index of larvae.

转基因植株能够延迟幼虫蜕皮，降低幼虫蜕皮指数，实验30天时对照幼虫蜕皮指数是3.323；处理幼虫蜕皮指数在2.933～3.038之间，并且处理幼虫无一能够完成幼虫期达到化蛹。

After 8 weeks, the changes in the levels of blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c, CRP and the grade of traditional Chinese medicine individual event symptom and general integral symptom were observed. Apply the formular to evaluate the pancreas's function.

观察试验前后各组的血糖、胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白、C反应蛋白及中医证候总分和单项症状评分的变化；应用胰岛素敏感性指数、胰岛素抵抗指数、β细胞分泌指数计算胰岛β细胞功能的改善情况。

The results showed that the rural residential land become fragmentized during the years 1995-2010. The indices of number of patches, area-weighted mean shape, mean fractal dimension of landscape structure in Suining county gradually increased. Interspersion and Juxtaposition index and Shannon's diversity index were decreased.

结果表明：1995~2010年徐州市睢宁县的农村居民点景观格局呈破碎化趋势，土地利用斑块数增加，斑块平均面积下降，面积加权平均形状指数上升，平均分维度小幅上升，散布与并列指数和香农多样性指数均在下降。

Results: The PCNA mean labelling index was 48.84％± 13.63％, and the apoptotic labelling index was12.26‰± 5.20‰. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the postoperative survival time of the patient was shorter when the tumor infiltrated to the adventitia of esophagus,with lymph node metastasis, without keratinization, PI ≥ 40％ or AI＜10‰. Using forward multivariate Cox regression analysis, only the parameters of pN category and PI could be verified as independent prognostic factors.

结果：36例手术切除的食管鳞癌组织平均PCNA表达指数(PCNAlabellingindex，PI)为48.84％±13.63％，细胞凋亡指数(apoptosisindex，AI)为12.26‰±5.20‰；PI升高与患者年龄小、分化程度低、有淋巴结转移和肿瘤进行性浸润呈正相关，而AI升高与分化程度高、角化明显呈正相关；绘制Kaplan－Meier生存曲线，发现病变侵及食管外膜、有淋巴结转移、无角化、PI≥40％或AI＜10‰的患者术后生存率明显降低；COX比例风险模型分析，发现只有淋巴结转移和PI是影响预后的独立因素。

Adopting homogenous experimental design and applying the response surface method,the effects of corn variety,screw speed and water content on radial expansion ratio and extrusion index were studied,and the quadratic polynomial mathematical models of expansion ratio and extrusion index were constructed.

采用均匀试验设计方法，应用响应面分析了玉米品种、螺杆转速和物料水分含量对膨化率和挤压指数的影响，并建立了膨化率和挤压指数的二次多项式数学模型。

Results In cystitis glandularis tissue AQP1 mainly expressed in the endothelial cells of micrangium,the immunohistochemical positive exponent was 35.947;AQP2 expressed in the cell membrane and periplasm of the mucosa epithelial cells,the immunohistochemical positive exponent was 34.644;and AQP3 did not express.

结果：在腺性膀胱炎组织中AQP1主要表达在微血管内皮细胞，免疫组化阳性指数35.947；AQP2主要表达在炎性膀胱黏膜上皮细胞的胞膜及胞质内，免疫组化阳性指数34.644；AQP3则呈阴性表达。

The individual-level analyses suggest that, the unstandardized and age-sex standardized disability concentration index are -0.1179 and -0.0453, respectively, which are systematically deviate from 0; and the negative concentration index indicate the existence of pro-rich income-related health inequality.

个体水平的分析结果显示，4区合计，未标化和经年龄和性别标化的伤残集中指数分别为-0.1179和-0.0453，均系统性地偏离0，而且集中指数为负，提示收入相关健康不平等的存在，并且伤残显著集中于低收入人群。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。