指数化

These above problems, which are very important and valuable in agricultural crops area monitoring, are currently less researched. Hence, in this paper, seven types of common texture and five vegetation indices were respectively added into TM multispectral bands to classify using three different methods, which are Minimum Distance, Maximum Likelihood and Support Vector Machine, and analyze the effect on winter wheat identification accuracy by comparing the classification results. The contexture include Mean, Variance, Homogeneity, Contrast, Dissimilarity, Entropy, Variance, Angular Second Moment and Correlation, and the vegetation indices are RVI, SAVI, RDVI, NDWI and SLAVI.

为此，该文将平均值、方差、均一性、反差、相异性、熵、角二阶矩、灰度相关7种纹理信息以及比值植被指数、土壤调整植被指数、重归一化植被指数、植被液态水含量指数、有效叶面积植被指数5种植被指数信息分别加入到TM多光谱数据中，同时还进行了最佳波段选择，利用最小距离、最大似然和支持向量机3种方法进行分类提取小麦，研究了不同特征信息对小麦测量精度的影响。

The relation of the chromatographic retention indices of alkene to topological index,double bond atomic hybridization state index,polarizability effect index of branched chain to double bond atomic,immobile liquid polarity values and column temperatureat different temperatures on different stationary phases was studied.

通过对部分烯烃在不同固定相不同柱温下的1031个样本集的气相色谱保留指数值与其部分参数关系的研究，发现RI与拓扑指数、双键原子杂化状态指数、支链对双键的极化效应指数、固定液极性值及柱温的关系可表示为：^RI=-58.138+57.7460Q-8.2591Q+0.120T+0.807CP+36.460PBD+7.919DHSI(R=0.9989)继以留一法(Leave-one-out，LOO)进行交互检验，相关系数RCV=0.9977，说明所建模型具有良好的稳定性和预测能力，较好地揭示了烯烃类化合物气相色谱保留指数RI随固定相极性、柱温的改变而变化的规律

We selected two different scale parameters, leaf chlorophyll content and leaf area index, on the basis of the radiative transfer models PROSPECT and SAIL, respectively, for sensitivity study of a set of indices. We aimed to improve the linearity between the indices for chlorophyll content and leaf area index on the basis of combinations of different wave bands.

为了寻找合适的波段位置以改善植被指数与叶绿素浓度和叶面积指数的线性关系，去除饱和区域，进而提高这2个参数的实际估算精度，该文选取了叶绿素浓度和叶面积指数，以辐射传输模型PROSPECT和SAIL为基础，模拟了这2个参数变化对3类高光谱植被指数（归一化植被指数、优化的简单比值指数和优化的叶绿素吸收率指数）的影响。

However, a number of vegetation indices are not linearly related to biochemical components, so these indices may not be appropriate for other vegetative areas. We selected two different scale parameters, leaf chlorophyll content and leaf area index, on the basis of the radiative transfer models PROSPECT and SAIL, respectively, for sensitivity study of a set of indices.

为了寻找合适的波段位置以改善植被指数与叶绿素浓度和叶面积指数的线性关系，去除饱和区域，进而提高这2个参数的实际估算精度，该文选取了叶绿素浓度和叶面积指数，以辐射传输模型PROSPECT和SAIL为基础，模拟了这2个参数变化对3类高光谱植被指数归一化植被指数(NDVI、优化的简单比值指数和优化的叶绿素吸收率指数的影响。

Vegetation indexes were calibrated according to their changing trends, and winter wheat yield estimation models were established based on the sum of vegetation index with pixel ratio and normalized difference vegetation index in different growing areas, respectively, according to their relations to wheat yields.

同时，利用植被指数变化规律对各时相植被指数进行修正，根据植被指数分布情况及其与产量的关系，分别构建了基于像元比值植被指数之和及不同长势区归一化植被指数的冬小麦估产模型。

Because of a high groundwater level and a strong erosion action, the coal formed in a low peat swamp is great in gelatification index and in groundwa ter index, which are in a negative correlation to the ratio of clean coal recove ry. While for the high peat swamp, IG and IGW are small, corresponding to a high ratio of clean coal recovery.

低位泥炭沼泽由于潜水位较高，水流对泥炭沼泽表面的改造和冲刷作用较强，形成的煤层具有较高的凝胶化指数和地下水流动指数，并且与精煤产率呈负相关，煤中粘土矿物和黄铁矿难以洗选；高位泥炭沼泽形成的煤层具有较低的凝胶化指数和地下水流动指数，泥炭积累速度较快，其精煤的产率较高。

Or 10.40％ of the variation was partitioned among voltinism populations. The Nm (4. 3065) showed that there was to some extent gene flow among three voltinism populations. The average Nei's genetic identity was 0.9637. The genetic distance between V1 population and cultivated V1 population was the biggest (0.0438) and the less was 0.0370 between V1 population and V2 population.

Nei基因多样性指数也是2化群体最大（0.2631），1化群体次之（0.2485），培育1化性群体最小（0.1709），3个群体之间的遗传分化系数为0.1040，即3个化性群体之间的遗传变异占到总遗传变异的10.40％。3个化性群体之间的基因流达到4.3065，表明化性群体间存在着一定程度的基因交流。3个群体之间的遗传一致度为0.9637，遗传距离以培育1化性群体与1化性群体最大（0.0438），以1化群体与2化群体最小（0.0370）。

In 2003,the index of the landscape fragmentation has rised and the degree of the landscape fragmentation has changed seriously; the landscape of the soll and water loss has developed more and more multiple and fragmentized.

景观斑块个数增加，斑块平均面积出现不同程度的减少，景观斑块平均面积减少了5.7hm^2，景观破碎化指数1987年为0.914，2003年为0.922。破碎化指数增加，景观破碎程度加大。水土流失景观向多元化及破碎化方向发展。

Pure-remote sensing information models are free of the numerous distributional parameters that are difficult to obtain in vast area. The following sections are included in the study.(1) The VCI and SVI based on time-series NDVI data are used to analyse regional drought and the following results were reached: As the vegetation growth status index, the response of VCI and SVI to precipitation was land cover type, temporal and site specified. So VCI and SVI have little information about drought when used to monitor regional drought especially in China that has a mountainous topographty.(2) Based on the interpretation of NDVI-Ts space, NDVI and land surface temperature was combined to construct NVDI-Ts space from which the TVDI (Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index) was obtained with line ratio method and normalized slopes method. When compared with the topsoil moisture measured in situ, TVDI are competent in regional drought monitoring. Illumed by the NDVI-Ts space, we combined the NDVI with day/night land surface temperature difference and apparent thermal inertia to construct NDVI-ΔT and NDVI-ATI spaces from which the DVDI and AVDI were estimated respectively with 8-day composite MODIS 〓 product and 16-day composite MODIS NDVI product.

具体包括以下几方面的内容：(1)VCI和SVI在干旱监测中的作用评价：探讨利用NDVI时间系列数据建立的植被状态指数和标准植被指数评价区域干旱的可行性，研究结果表明：VCI和SVI作为植被相对生长状况指标，对降水的响应随着植被覆盖类型、时间和空间等而表现出不同的敏感性，因此在大区域干旱监测中，特别是我国这样地形复杂多样的国家，VCI和SVI在干旱监测中的作用都是有限的；(2)利用TVDI评价全国干旱等级分布：结合陆地表面温度和植被指数建立NDVI-T〓空间，在NDVI-T〓空间物理意义理解的基础上，分别采用线段比值法和斜率归一化法构建温度植被干旱指数，并利用TVDI研究了我国2000年3～5月份各旬的干旱分布，取得比较满意的结果。

Further picosecond PL studies on dendronized PFs show that the fluorene-based emission in dilute solution follows a single exponential decay, whereas those in thin film decayed in a multi-phase manner and the lifetime prolongs with the generation of dendronization. These observations are discussed in terms of dispersive transport happening between adjacent chains in film. The dispersive relaxation can be controlled by site isolation of bulky dendrons. Our results prove that dendronization is highly effective in controlling the inter-chain interactions of fluorene-based polymers.

不同代数树枝化聚芴的时间分辨荧光动力学研究结果表明，溶液状态下的发光为单指数衰减行为，而薄膜状态下的发光为多指数衰减行为，且其发光寿命随树枝化代数增加而增长，表明树枝化基团抑制了邻近的聚芴分子之间能量传递所致的激发态能量耗散。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。