指导教师

The quality and efficiency of teaching is decided by teacher\'s guidance. The purpose and schematization of teacher\'s guidance is firstly reflected in the teaching design.

教学活动质量的高低与效益的好坏取决于教师的指导，而教师指导行为的目的性、计划性首先体现在教学设计之中。

Based on established eligibly, professional teachers' education technology training foundation, forming a complete and functional system, as well as based on the document and the regulation of the Ministry of Education: The plan of developing education action during 2003-2007, The regulations for teachers continions education and The plan of construction of educational technology capacity for all teachers in our country, to establish the terms and requirement of the training base, and constitute a base for teachers' public study and support a service system, to improve education technology training level for middle school teachers and the primary school teachers.

基于建设合格的、专业化的教师教育技术培训基地，形成体系完整、功能健全的培训体系为出发点，并以教育部《2003—2007年教育振兴行动计划》、《中小学教师继续教育规定》和&全国中小学教师教育技术能力建设计划&等文件和规定为依据，科学制定培训基地条的件与要求，构建教师公共学习平台和支持服务体系，整体提高中小学教师教育技术培训水平，这将是本篇论文的思想指导。

Based on established eligibly, professional teachers" education technology training foundation, forming a complete and functional system, as well as based on the document and the regulation of the Ministry of Education: The plan of developing education action during 2003-2007, The regulations for teachers continions education and The plan of construction of educational technology capacity for all teachers in our country, to establish the terms and requirement of the training base, and constitute a base for teachers" public study and support a service system, to improve education technology training level for middle school teachers and the primary school teachers. All of above is the leading idea of this paper.

基于建设合格的、专业化的教师教育技术培训基地，形成体系完整、功能健全的培训体系为出发点，并以教育部《2003—2007年教育振兴行动计划》、《中小学教师继续教育规定》和&全国中小学教师教育技术能力建设计划&等文件和规定为依据，科学制定培训基地条的件与要求，构建教师公共学习平台和支持服务体系，整体提高中小学教师教育技术培训水平，这将是本篇论文的思想指导。

In the idea of math teacher's education specialty, I put forward the instructional thought like"adequate to theory","attach importance to practice","system innovation"and"literacy standard", improve the structure of curriculum on the curriculum system construction of math teacher's education specialty, promote the character of teacher specialization, enhance the integration of general course, protrude the literacy of teacher specialization, reduce math specialized course, promote the function of"Educational Academy", regrade two kind educational course, strengthen thought integration, construct course modality of"Subject Amalgamation", unfold the summary of course structure and proportion of math teacher's education specialty. In the integration of curriculum and teaching model, according to the different kind of curriculum nature and learning stage of teacher's education specialty, I think there are three leading type to teaching model and learning stage, that is, participating teaching and meaningful receptive learning, eliciting teaching method and research study, case based teaching and reflective learning, and put forward operability suggestions to teaching practice.

在数学教师教育专业理念上，提出了&理论够用&、&实践为重&&体系创新&和&素养本位&的指导思想；在数学教师教育专业课程体系构建上，提出优化课程结构，提升教师专业化品性；加强通识课程统整，突出教师专业化素养；精减数学学科专业课，并增进&教育学术性&功能；精选两类教育类课程，强化统整思想，并构建出&学科融合&式的课程样态，展现了数学教师教育专业课程结构、比例的概略性图谱；在课程与教学模式整合问题上，笔者提出了按照教师教育专业学生学习的课程属性和学习阶段不同，形成三个主导型教学模式与学习方式，即参与式教学与有意义接受学习、启发性教学和研究性学习、案例式教学与反思性学习，并对对教育实习提出具有操作性的建议。

He should properly switch his position as a teacher to a mentor and co-worker of the students, dealing well with the relationship between explaining and exercising in the way that the Chinese lessons should be based on lead-in of exercises, that is to say, Chinese practical activity is carried out under the direction of the teacher so well designed step by step that it will achieve the certain goals. At the same time, the teacher should make a point of apperceiving and subliming the language in order to make the self-study the essential strategy, aiming at promoting Chinese study practically as well as improving the students'transferability.

在具体的语文教学中老师要挣脱应试的束缚，摆正&讲&与&练&的关系，恰当地转换教师职能，成为学生实践的指导者、协作者：以&导练&为核心重新构建语文课堂教学的基本模式，即强调在教师指导下有目的、有计划、有步骤地为达到一定的目标而进行的语文实践活动；有效地促进语文实践学习，还要提高迁移水平，而培养学生的&元认知能力&就能有效地调控学生自己的学习过程。

That is, the main body's cognizing of the learningand the guidance of teachers should be emphasized togehther.

建构主义提倡在教师指导下的、以学生为中心的学习，也就是说，既强调学生的认知主体作用，又不忽视教师的指导作用。

In the article, the bewilderment in counterpoising in order to list pedagogic dimension above all comes to the author how does identity of derivative teacher law locate this one task, be opposite next scholar of area of our country Taiwan undertook brief introducing about the different point of view of pedagogic law identity, the worker status that carries pair of teachers next and officeholder identity undertake an analysis, put forward a teacher to should hold the viewpoint of special officeholder concurrently for special laborer, emphasize the two-tier law identity that elaborated fixed position teacher to be perfected in legislation finally reach law is applicable the great and direct import that go up.

本文中，笔者首先以列举教师维权中的困惑来引出教师法律身份如何定位这一课题，然后对我国台湾地区学者有关教师法律身份的不同观点进行了简要介绍，其次通过对教师的劳动者身份和公务员身份进行分析，提出了教师应为非凡劳动者兼非凡公务员的观点，最后着重阐述了定位教师的双重法律身份在立法完善及法律适用上的重大指导意义。

Through on-site observation, interviews, analysis of their parents and teachers to exchange dynamic behaviour drawed: The purpose of parents' meeting with children is too simple and lack of opportunity for the exchange of awareness; Most of them are so impatient that miss the opportunities of communicating with teachers. Facing more than 30 parents at the same time, teacher can alleviate pressure on exchange through cooperation with other teachers. In exchange status, teachers played a dominant role to give professional guidances, major parents will listen to the views of teachers, less be active to express their own views. Whether parents or teachers, the use of communication strategies can effectively enhance communication effectiveness.

通过现场观察、访谈，分析接送交流中家长和教师的动态行为得出：家长接孩子目的单一，较心切，缺乏等待交流时机的意识；教师需要合作分工缓解交流压力；在交流地位上，教师发挥专业指导作用处于主导地位，家长以听取教师意见为主，有陈述己见趋势；但无论是家长还是教师，交流策略的使用能有效地加强交流的有效性。

Constructivism advocates "a student-centeredlearning under the guidance of teachers". They agues that knowledge is not taught bythe teachers, but is acquired in a certain situation, that is, in the social and culturalbackground, through the Construction of Meanings by using the necessary materialsfor study, with the help by others (including teachers and learning partners). Theystress to create a variety of real language environments for the students, and pay muchattention to training the students actual ability of using the language. Its theory hasgreat inspiring and guiding significance in organizing teaching and compilingteaching materials.

建构主义提倡&教师指导下的，以学生为中心的学习&，认为知识不是通过教师传授得到的，而是学生在一定的情境即社会文化背景下，借助其他人的帮助，利用必要的学习资料，通过意义建构的方式获得的，强调为学生创设真实多样的语言环境，重视培养学实际运用语言的能力，其理论对组织教学、编写教材富有启发和指导意义。

Teachers in the Chinese Academy of Engineering 1, 1 Chinese Academy of Sciences, the State Council Academic Degrees Committee Convenor of Council of Architecture subjects, 1 national engineering design of the master 1, the national steering committee member of the teaching at all levels 3, architecture of Vocational Education Assessment Board 1 members; included in the existing "千百十" Talent Project 1 state-level teacher training, teacher training level 1, and field grade 4 teacher training, national, provincial and ministerial level 5 advanced teachers, department or bureau level and 12 field grade art teacher.

教师中有中国工程院院士1人，中国科学院院士1人，国务院学位委员会建筑学学科评议组召集人1人，国家工程设计大师1人，全国性各级教学指导委员会委员3人，建筑学专业教育评估委员会委员1人；现有列入&千百十&人才工程国家级培养教师1人，省级培养教师1人，校级培养教师4人，国家、省部级先进教师5人，厅局级及校级先进教师12人。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。