指令的

Computer designers are fond of calling their computers machines[1],so the instruction set is sometimes referred to as machine instructions and the binary language in which they are written is called machine language!

计算机系统设计者习惯将计算机称为机器，所以该指令系统有时也称为机器指令系统，而书写指令的二进制语言叫做机器语言！

Thus, whenever a branch instruction is encountered the disassembly continues simultaneously at both the address following the branch instruction and the address that is the target of the branch instruction.

因此，无论何时遇到一个分支指令，就同时从两个地址继续反汇编：分支指令后面的地址和分支指令的目标地址。

Based on a lot of experiment results, a conclusion is drawn: comparing with other factors, the performance of branch handling strategy is the key limits of processor to exploit the instruction level parallelism existed in nonscientific code, cache miss have severe effect on superscalar processor's performance when it runs scientific code. Second, in order to reduce the branch penalty and improve the performance of superscalar processor, a new branch handling strategy—a classification based hierarchical branch handling strategy, CHBHS is proposed. It first expands the traditional processor architecture to support multiple condition code, conditional execution and Mbranch instruction, as a result, compiler can reduce the number of static conditional branch when the code is generated. Then, CHBHS tries to use the best suitable mechanism to deal with different branch base on their different behavior. CHBHS can predict the target address of unconditional branch, subroutine call and conditional branch by buffering their target address in branch target buffer, a newly proposed high efficient return address stack is used to reduce the penalty of subroutine return instruction, a new Counter Register Stack is also proposed to reduce the penalty of loop-closing branch to zero, and dynamic branch predictor is incorporate with branch target buffer to predict the outcome of conditional branch.

基于上述结论，为了尽量消除转移指令对处理器开发指令级并行性能力的影响，进一步提高处理器性能，在详尽分析目前已存在的转移处理策略的特点与局限性的基础上，首次提出了一种新的转移处理策略即基于分类的层次转移处理策略CHBHS(Classification Based Hierarchical Branch Handling Strategy)，它首先通过扩展传统的体系结构，支持多条件码、条件式执行及多分支转移技术，以使编译程序在进行代码生成时可尽量少生成条件转移指令，从而减少静态条件转移指令的数目；其次，基于不同的转移指令的行为不同这一事实，提出了对不同的转移指令采用不同的机制进行处理的思想，即对无条件转移指令和函数调用指令以及条件转移指令的目标地址，采用转移目标缓冲器来预测，对于函数返回指令，采用所提出一种的高效返回地址栈来预测其目标地址，对于大多数循环控制转移指令，采用所提出的Counter Register Stack来将其所可能带来的损失减少为0，对于其他的条件转移指令采用动态预测机制来预测其方向。

This register is known as a pipeline register dependent on result of the current microinstruction that will not be stable until the end of the current microcycle.

这种方法的关键点是：通常下一条微指令的执行依靠当前被执行的微指令的结果，即只有在当前微指令周期结尾时才能确定是否执行下一条指令。

Create the next microinstruction's address in the micro address register usually indicated in the address part of a microinstruction, to prepare for fetching the next microinstruction, in this case, the micro address keep the microinstructions in a micro program being executed sequentially.

产生微住址通常在微指令的住址部份中被指出的寄存器的下一个微指令住址，准备动人的下一个微指令，在这情况，微住址保存一个被继续地运行的微计画的微指令。没有发枝的

A topdown design of an 8bit RISC MCU is presented, in order to overcome the limitation of MCS51 microcontroller The core is based on Harvard architecture with 16bit instruction length and 8bit data length The performance of the MCU has been greatly improved by introducing singleclockcycle instructions, setting multiple highspeed working registers, replacing microprogram with direct logic block, etc FPGA verification and computer simulation show that its maximum clock frequency and instruction e...

在对传统的MCS51系列单片微控制器的局限性进行分析的基础上，设计了一种基于增强8位RISC构架的微控制器内核。该MCU核采用哈佛结构、16位指令字长和8位数据字长，通过设计单周期指令、在内部设置多个快速寄存器及采用硬布线逻辑代替微程序控制的方法，加快了微处理器的速度，提高了指令的执行效率。计算机仿真验证和FPGA仿真验证的结果表明，该MCU的最高时钟频率和指令执行效率等指标均优于MCS51的5倍以上。

The control then interprets the binary code of instruction and proceeds to execute the instruction by issuing a sequence of control functions.

控制器从存储器中读出每条指令，并将其存放才控制寄存器中，然后控制器解释取出指令的二进制代码，并通过发出一系列控制操作来完成该指令。

However, the complex instructi were not always the fastest way of doing things. For example, the INDEX instruction was 45% to 60% faster when by replaced by simpler VAX instructi.

但是，复杂指令计算机系统无法快速的做事，例如，采用简单指令替换后，INDEX指令的速度要提高40%-60%。

I/We acknowledge that, as a result of such unreliability, there may be delays in the transmission and receipt of Instructions and other information and that this may result in delays in the execution of Instructions and/or the execution of Instructions at prices different from those prevailing at the time the Instructions were given.

本人/吾等承认，因该不可靠性，在传送及接收指令及其他资料时可能有延误，以致执行指令的延误及/或执行指令的价格与发出指令时的价格不同。

This stage can be attacked by obfuscating the call instruction – say, by using a combination of the push and jump instructions.

比如，使用进栈指令和跳转指令的一个组合，就可以混淆调用指令而实现对这个阶段的威胁。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。