指令

In other words, when a branch in the code the computer was processing occurred (that is, there is an unanticipated call to another section of the program that necessitates another call to memory), instead of stalling the pipeline to retrieve the instructions that were branched to, the computer added a delaying instruction behind the branch that either did something useful while the other instructions were called, or at worst did nothing at all.

换句话说就是，当计算机执行的代码中出现了分支(就是说，发生了不可预料的对程序中其他程序段的调用，即必须实现一个新的访问存储器的操作)时，计算机不是停止这条流水线的工作去修复被分解的指令，而是在这个分支指令后增加一个延迟指令，该指令在其他指令被调用时，要么做一些有用的事情要么执行空操作。

The idea of Autonomous Instruction Memory is to combine Top-Level Instruction Memory and Branch Target Buffer. This kind of architecture has an character of self-generating instruction address.

自主指令记忆体的设计的想法在於结合动态分支预测器和最上层的指令记忆体而拥有自行产生指令位址的特性，因而使得CPU可以不用传送指令位址给自主指令记忆体，而达到降低CPU和自主指令记忆体之间指令位址汇流排上传递资料量的目的。

The problem is that to represent a pretested loop the assembly language code must contain two jump instructions: a conditional branch instruction in the beginning (that will terminate the loop when the condition is no longer satisfied) and an unconditional jump at the end that jumps back to the beginning of the loop.

因为 为了实现预测试循环汇编语言中必须包含两个跳转指令：一个条件跳转指令用以跳转到循环开始的位置(该条件指令也起着条件不被满足时中止循环的作用)；另一个是结尾处的一个无条件转移指令以便跳转回循环起始处。

Based on a lot of experiment results, a conclusion is drawn: comparing with other factors, the performance of branch handling strategy is the key limits of processor to exploit the instruction level parallelism existed in nonscientific code, cache miss have severe effect on superscalar processor's performance when it runs scientific code. Second, in order to reduce the branch penalty and improve the performance of superscalar processor, a new branch handling strategy—a classification based hierarchical branch handling strategy, CHBHS is proposed. It first expands the traditional processor architecture to support multiple condition code, conditional execution and Mbranch instruction, as a result, compiler can reduce the number of static conditional branch when the code is generated. Then, CHBHS tries to use the best suitable mechanism to deal with different branch base on their different behavior. CHBHS can predict the target address of unconditional branch, subroutine call and conditional branch by buffering their target address in branch target buffer, a newly proposed high efficient return address stack is used to reduce the penalty of subroutine return instruction, a new Counter Register Stack is also proposed to reduce the penalty of loop-closing branch to zero, and dynamic branch predictor is incorporate with branch target buffer to predict the outcome of conditional branch.

基于上述结论，为了尽量消除转移指令对处理器开发指令级并行性能力的影响，进一步提高处理器性能，在详尽分析目前已存在的转移处理策略的特点与局限性的基础上，首次提出了一种新的转移处理策略即基于分类的层次转移处理策略CHBHS(Classification Based Hierarchical Branch Handling Strategy)，它首先通过扩展传统的体系结构，支持多条件码、条件式执行及多分支转移技术，以使编译程序在进行代码生成时可尽量少生成条件转移指令，从而减少静态条件转移指令的数目；其次，基于不同的转移指令的行为不同这一事实，提出了对不同的转移指令采用不同的机制进行处理的思想，即对无条件转移指令和函数调用指令以及条件转移指令的目标地址，采用转移目标缓冲器来预测，对于函数返回指令，采用所提出一种的高效返回地址栈来预测其目标地址，对于大多数循环控制转移指令，采用所提出的Counter Register Stack来将其所可能带来的损失减少为0，对于其他的条件转移指令采用动态预测机制来预测其方向。

Chapter will introduce EU Directive/96/9/EC of database protection and four judges of EU Court after the Directive takes effect in 2004 to find how the ECJ use the Directive. Then, according to the DG Internal Market and Service Working Pater and BEUC's evaluation of the Directive, this paper will find whether there is positive reaction and influence in database market after EU member countries take the same legislations with the Directive. Section 5 will introduce the legislation of British and Germany following the Directive and analyze the development and questions of the two countries' current legislation. Chapter 5 will start with Americas case Feist v.

第四章部份介绍欧盟资料库保护指令之相关规定，并就指令公布后，欧盟法院於2004年接续作出四个关於资料库保护之判决加以介绍，以期寻求欧盟法院如何运用指令规范中之构成要件，而后并参考欧盟委员会工作小组及消费者组织报告对欧体资料库指令之评估文献，探究欧盟各国采取与指令相同立法后，在资料库市场上是否有正面的回应及影响，并於第五节针对英、德两国跟进欧盟资料库保护指令立法之介绍，并归纳、检讨英、德两国之现行法制之发展与所面临之问题。

Chapter 1 is a preface to introduce the motives of this paper research methods scope restriction and frame Chapter 2 will fist introduce the concept of database and then discuss the necessity of database protection in the creating methods and with or without originality This chapter will put emphasis on the importance of originality to database Chapter 3 will observe the British America and Germany's viewpoint of originality to discuss their legislative mode of database legal protection Chapter will introduce EU Directive/96/9/EC of database protection and four judges of EU Court after the Directive takes effect in 2004 to find how the ECJ use the Directive Then according to the DG Internal Market and Service Working Pater and BEUC's evaluation of the Directive this paper will find whether there is positive reaction and influence in database market after EU member countries take the same legislations with the Directive Section 5 will introduce the legislation of British and Germany following the Directive and analyze the development and questions of the two countries' current legislation Chapter 5 will start with Americas case Feist v Jane Doe to understand the case's influence to American legal protection of databases and introduce the Parliament's proposal after the EU Directive Chapter 6 will introduce Japan legislation regarding legal protection of database works and discuss the goodness and badness through Japan academy and judicial viewpoint Chapter 7 will introduce Taiwan's legislation to find whether current law provides enough and adequate protection to databases and discuss whether there is a necessity of amendment At last this paper will try to provide some suggestions about our legislation Chapter 8 is the conclusion of this paper

第二章首先介绍资料库之概念，并以建置方式与是否具原创性区分方式探讨资料库法律保护之必要性，而因著眼原创性对於资料库法律保护之重要性，便於第三章以比较法独立观察英、美、德国对原创性之观点，以接续探讨三国对资料库所采取之立法途径。第四章部份介绍欧盟资料库保护指令之相关规定，并就指令公布后，欧盟法院於2004年接续作出四个关於资料库保护之判决加以介绍，以期寻求欧盟法院如何运用指令规范中之构成要件，而后并参考欧盟委员会工作小组及消费者组织报告对欧体资料库指令之评估文献，探究欧盟各国采取与指令相同立法后，在资料库市场上是否有正面的回应及影响，并於第五节针对英、德两国跟进欧盟资料库保护指令立法之介绍，并归纳、检讨英、德两国之现行法制之发展与所面临之问题。第五章延续第三章、第四章论述后，进入美国1991年Feist案后，美国法院对国内资料库保护之后续见解，探究1991年Feist案对美国资料库保护之影响程度，同时并述美国於欧体公布资料库指令后国会提出之资料库立法草案。第六章则针对日本新增资料库著作之立法模式加以介绍，并藉由日本学界、实务之见解探讨该立法模式之优缺点，再於第七章进入我国法制之介绍，以观察我国目前之法制是否提供资料库充分的保护，探讨资料库立法之必要性，最后尝试提出我国立法模式之建议。第八章则为总结之论述。

Presents the design of longitudinal control for ASTOVL lift-fan aircraft, a multi-variable, strong-coupling, complicated nonlinear system to make the system nonlinear offset and decouple, and the method used for linear system in designing the system to gain expectant flying qualities and the combination of aerodynamic control surfaces with thrust vectors to delay the control surfaces getting into saturation, and the minimum N-norm generalized inverse theorem of weighted generalized inverse adopted to apportion the moments commands, which make the control surfaces gain appropriate deflection and the simulation results to verify the dynamic inverse control laws designed really make the system nonlinear offset and decouple; when one command is given, only this output will response, and others do not response; when all commands are given together, the responses will be just the linear superpose of the response of each command, therefore the operation of the pilot will be simplified greatly.

摘 要： ASTOVL升力风扇飞机是多变量、强耦合、复杂的非线性系统，采用非线性动态逆理论设计控制律以实现系统的非线性对消及解耦，然后，采用线性系统的设计方法对系统进行设计，以使系统获得期望的飞行品质。同时，考虑到ASTOVL升力风扇飞机是由气动舵面和推力矢量融合作用的，为了延缓各舵面进入饱和的时间，采用加权广义逆中的极小N-范数广义逆定理分配力矩指令，从而使各舵面达到适当的偏转角。并将所设计的控制律进行了仿真，结果验证了所设计的动态逆控制律使系统实现了非线性对消和解耦，单个指令作用时，只有该项响应，其余不受影响；所有指令作用时，其结果就等于单个指令作用时的线性叠加，这样使驾驶员的操纵大大简化而易于控制，从而大大降低了飞行事故率。

Instructions are fetched from consecutive memory addresses, starting from address zero, until an instruction which modifies the PC is executed, whereupon fetching starts from the new address given in the 'jump' instruction.

指令从存储器的0地址开始顺序读取，直到执行到修改PC的指令为止。到那时则开始从jump指令给出的地址读取指令。

The VLMIW method make the VLMIW instruction set effective and growing-up. VLMIW has two architecture interface (macro instruction set interface and macro instruction design interface). The scale of decoder is small, the delay of decoder is also small, but the function of instruction is very powerful.

可变长宏指令体系设计方法使得VLMIW指令集合具有效率高、可繁衍的特点，可以支持两个体系界面（宏指令集合、宏指令设计界面），且译码控制简单，实现所用的电路规模小。

Longtium"" PC 104 motherboard in industrial control field based on ""Longtium"" S1 could run DOS and relevant applications.2. Systemically analyze the architecture of ""Longtium"" Cl microprocessor. The principle, characteristic of instruction system is discussed and its history is introduced. In addition, the microinstruction format of ""Longtium"" Cl microprocessor is defined and the microprogramming controller is designed.3. Present the design scheme of microprogramming developing platform. The microinstruction compiler and emulator are developed. Moreover, the relevant optimization and verification are conducted.4. The microprogramming developing platform is used in the developing of ""Longtium"" Cl. It enhanced the developing efficiency of microprogramming.

以"龙腾"C1为核心的SOC芯片——"龙腾"S1已经采用SMIC 0.18um COMS工艺流片成功，基于"龙腾S1"实现的"龙腾"PC104工控系统主机板能正确运行DOS操作系统和应用程序； 2、系统分析了"龙腾"C1微处理器体系结构，研究了指令系统的原理、特点以及指令系统的发展，确定了"龙腾"C1微处理器的微指令格式，并完成了微程序控制器设计； 3、提出了微程序开发平台的设计方案，开发了微指令汇编器和微指令仿真器，并进行了相应优化及验证； 4、将该微程序开发平台应用在"龙腾"C1微处理器的设计中，提高了微程序开发效率。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。