括约肌

To investigate the effects and safety of precut sphincterotomy in difficult common bile duct cannulation of ERCP.

目的 探讨乳头括约肌预切开术在ERCP胆管插管困难时应用的作用及安全性。

Methods From July 2007 to December 2008, 331 patients received routine ERCP in our hospital. 42 cases of them were diverted to receive precut sphincterotomy, because selective bile duct cannulation with conventional methods was difficult.

分析2007年7月至2008年12月331例行ERCP治疗的患者，其中42例常规方法选择性胆管插管困难者改行乳头括约肌预切开术治疗的临床资料，并进行比较。

Methods From July 2007 to December 2008,331 patients received routine ERCP in our hospital.42 cases of them were diverted to receive precut sphincterotomy,because selective bile duct cannulation with conventional methods was difficult.Both clinical data were studied and compared.

分析2007年7月至2008年12月331例行ERCP治疗的患者临床资料和其中42例常规方法选择性胆管插管困难改行乳头括约肌预切开术治疗的患者临床资料，并进行比较。

Methods From July 2007 to December 2008,331 patients received routine ERCP in our hospital.42 cases of them were diverted to receive precut sphincterotomy,because selective bile duct cannulation with conventional methods was difficult.Both clinical data were studied and compared.

分析2007年7月至2008年12月331例行ERCP治疗的患者，其中42例常规方法选择性胆管插管困难者改行乳头括约肌预切开术治疗的临床资料，并进行比较。

Precut sphincterotomy is a safe and effective technique and it could increase the success rate of difficult ERCP,but the indications should be grasped strictly and the performers should be experienced hands.

乳头括约肌预切开术安全、有效，可提高困难ERCP的成功率，但要严格掌握适应证，由经验丰富的医师进行。

Squeeze pressure, generated by contraction of the external anal sphincter and puborectalis muscle, more than doubles intra–anal canal resting pressure.

挤压力主要由外括约肌及耻骨直肠肌的收缩产生，通常是静息压的2倍。

The pudendal nerve provides the major nerve supply to the striated sphincter and levator ani.

外括约肌和提肛肌的主要支配神经为阴部神经。

The ventrolateral group of Onuf's nucleus is mainly composed of pudendal motor neurons innervating the external urethral sphincter muscle.

D 区是紧邻 Barrington's 核腹侧的一团神经元，它发出纤维投射至腰骶髓 Ounf 核的背外侧群，而 Ounf 核的背外侧群主要是由支配尿道外括约肌的阴部神经运动神经元组成。

The technique of transanal repair in combination with transvaginal repair for the treatment of rectovaginal fistula complicated by anterior resection is effective and safe, no requirement to divide the perineal body and anal sphincter, with less postoperative complications and no incontinence.

采用经肛结合经阴道修补治疗直肠癌前切除引起的单纯性直肠阴道瘘是安全有效的，不需要切断会阴体和肛门括约肌，并发症少，无肛门失禁发生。

rutaecarpine pharmacological effects and its related mechanism: rutaecarpine the heart positive inotropic, positive changes in the role and the heart protective effect, which with its promotion of calcitonin gene-related peptide release; rutaecarpine alkali have vasodilative and hypotensive effect, its mechanism mainly related to endothelial cells Ca2 +-NO-cGMP pathways and calcitonin gene-related peptide release; rutaecarpine to relax the anal sphincter, gastrointestinal motility inhibition of stress ulcer and ulcerative colitis have therapeutic effect; rutaecarpine on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury has a protective effect, which instead of increasing the concentration of calcitonin gene-related peptide-related; rutaecarpine inhibits platelet aggregation and arterial thrombosis; In addition, rutaecarpine Alkali also anti-inflammatory and analgesic, anti-tumor and other pharmacological effects.

综述了吴茱萸次碱的药理作用及其相关机制：吴茱萸次碱对心脏有正性肌力、正性变时作用和心脏保护作用，这与其促进降钙素基因相关肽释放有关；吴茱萸次碱有扩血管和降压作用，其机制主要涉及内皮细胞Ca2+-NO-cGMP途径和降钙素基因相关肽的释放；吴茱萸次碱能松弛肛门内括约肌，抑制胃肠运动，对应激性溃疡和溃疡性结肠炎也有治疗作用；吴茱萸次碱对脑缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用，这与其增加降钙素基因相关肽浓度有关；吴茱萸次碱能抑制血小板聚集和动脉血栓形成；此外，吴茱萸次碱还有抗炎镇痛、抗肿瘤等药理作用。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失