拔牙

Nevertheless, when Dr. McDermott is ready to start a patient on a bisphosphonate, he asks if a tooth extraction or dental implant is planned; if so, he'll wait to start the drug until after the procedure.

但每当McDermott博士准备对患者采取双磷酸盐治疗时，他都会询问患者是否有拔牙或种植牙的计划；如果有，他会等到患者完成拔牙或种植牙之后再开始使用双磷酸盐。

The pain-suffering that the toothache that various burning disease causes brings sufferer from go without saying, because of each on the sick list tooth, oneself is all continuously production, made duplicate a great deal of hotbed of germ virus, was passing blood toward the whole body dissemination every day, then violated the whole healthy body, in this time, traditional mouth cavity tooth disease treatment method, have to adopt destructiveness of pulled out a tooth therapyincluded to pull out a tooth, have a tooth filled, root-canal treatment etc.

各种炎症引发的牙痛给患者带来的痛楚自不必说，由于每颗患病牙齿，本身都是一个不断生产、复制大量病菌病毒的温床，每天都在通过血液向全身传播，进而侵害整个身体健康，在这个时候，传统的口腔牙病治疗方法，不得不采取破坏性的拔牙疗法（包括拔牙、镶牙、根管治疗等），来阻止口腔疾病恶化对身体健康的各种不利影响，然而，这种"亡羊补牢"式的破坏性的疗法，却是以牺牲牙齿为代价的。

Change of arch width after extraction and nonextraction treatment;2. Effects on arch width after extraction and nonextraction treatment;3. Intercanine and intermolar arch widths and anterior arch depths of the maxillary and mandibular arches were measured.

结论与不拔牙矫治相比，拔牙矫治不会减小尖牙间牙弓宽度和前牙段牙弓长度而影响面部美观；但拔牙和不拔牙矫治都能引起磨牙间牙弓宽度的改变，可能影响疗效的长期稳定性。

In the peacetime, the bactria results in of the chronic infection will make gum inflammation, easily bloodshed, palatine bone absorption, decayed tooth and toothache, end because dens turnover get sick of tooth loose move or dens neurapophysis necrosis and pull out a tooth, next door usefully the second molar teeth be usually also subjected to spread and result in at this time the injury of waiting the degree even pull out a tooth not, this is also the most regrettable place.

在平时，细菌造成的慢性感染会使牙龈发炎，容易流血，骨吸收，蛀牙及牙痛，最后因牙周病的牙齿松动或牙髓坏死而拔牙，这时隔壁有用的第二大臼齿往往也会受到波及而造成不等程度的伤害，甚至拔牙，这也是最可惜的地方。

Between extraction and nonextraction group, there are significant difference. Conclusion Howes'method is instructive for orthodontic treatment.

采用Howes法评估牙弓骨量与牙量对正畸临床的诊断和拔牙与非拔牙矫治设计有一定的指导意义。

Methods: Fifty-fix adolescents were chosen and divided into first premolar extraction and nonextraction groups, with 30 and 26 patients respectively. The pretreatment and posttreatment panoramic radiographs were taken. The indexes of third molar eruption space, distance from third molar to occlusal plane and the length of mandible were measured and analyzed.

选择56例上下颌第三磨牙均存在的患者进行方丝弓正畸治疗，按照第一前磨牙拔除与否分为拔牙组（30例）和非拔牙组（26例），利用术前术后曲面断层片对患者上下颌第三磨牙萌出间隙、第三磨牙与胎平面的距离以及下颌长度进行测量分析。

Methods: The sample consisted143 children which were in early permanent dentition of ClassⅡ,Division 1malocclusion .Pre-and post-treatment study models were assessed using PeerAssessment Rating index. According to the outcome of treatment, thesecases were classified into three types as "worse, no different","improved"and"greatly improved". The cephalometric analysis and Model Analysis werepreformed with pretreatment lateral cephalograms and study models for"improved"and "greatly improved"cases."T"–test was assessed to find out thesignificant difference between the extraction and nonextraction, and the resultsincluding age factor were analyzed by stepwise discriminant analysis.

应用PAR 指数对矫治前后的143 副恒牙早期的安氏Ⅱ类1 分类错牙合患者牙牙合模型进行评估分析，按矫治结果等级分为三类A、变坏或无改善，B、改善，C、极大改善，然后将B、C 两类患者矫治前的头影测量片及模型分析数据按拔牙与未拔牙进行成组t 检验的单因素分析，找出两组间有显著差异的软硬组织和牙牙合模型指标，对这些指标合并年龄因素进行逐步判别分析。

The database was composed of 18 dental treatments from January 1988 to December 2004. The 18 dental treatments included in this study as following: Amalgam fillings (single-, double-, and triple-surface), composite resin fillings of anterior teeth (single- and double-surface), composite resin fillings of posterior teeth (single-, double-, and triple-surface), glassionomer fillings, endodontic treatment (single-, double-, and triple-root), pulpectomy, full mouth scaling, simple tooth extraction, complicated tooth extraction, simple odontodectomy, complicated odontodectomy.

本研究以牙医十八项医疗项目为对象，资料来自中华民国牙医全联会所提供之健保申报资料档，共包含银粉填充、前牙复合树脂、后牙复合树脂、玻璃离子体填充、恒牙根管治疗、乳牙根管治疗、牙结石清除、简单性拔牙、复杂性拔牙、单纯齿切除术、复杂齿切除术等十八项。

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the teeth and basal bone by Howes′method, and to investigate the clinical value of this method in orthodontic diagnoses and treatment.

目的：本研究采用Howes法评估牙弓骨量与牙量的协调性，探讨其在正畸临床诊断与矫治设计确定拔牙与非拔牙中的应用价值。

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes on the tongue movement during swallowing before and after orthodontic retraction of anterior teeth using ultrasound technique. The subject consisted of four men and nine women, with a mean age of 21.3 years old. The subjects were undergoing orthodontic treatment with extraction, and there were at least 3mm space left on each side between lateral incisors and canines.

在齿颚矫正治疗时，常常利用拔牙的方式让前牙往后方移动，而这样的移动是否会影响舌头的运动及功能则有待验证；本研究的目的是使用B+M模式口腔超音波防震扫描技术，去评估接受拔牙治疗之矫正患者，在前牙后退完成之后，舌头吞咽运动的时间和振幅是否会改变，并检测前牙距离、角度的改变比率和舌头吞咽运动改变比率之间的相关性。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。