拐

The influences of the shock thickness and Alfven waves on the particle acceleration by diffusive shock waves are numerically studied through solving one-dimensional diffusive equation including the second-order Fermi effect. It is shown that the spectral index of the energetic particles strongly depends on the shock thickness. For example, the spectral index increases from 2.1 to 3.7 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 2.5 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV as the thickness increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.3 to 3.1 as the particle injection energy increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.0 to 1.8 at the quasi-steady stage with the enhancement of the compression ratio from 2 to 4. The results indicate that under the influence of Alfven waves, the energetic particle spectrum at lower energy becomes flat and the spectral index decreases from 2.5 to 0.6 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 11.6 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV. At the same time, the rollover energy reaches 19.6 MeV. The spectral index decreases from 5.8 to 2.9 as the energy density of Alfven waves increase. All these results are basically consistent with the theoretical models, as well as the observations of typical energetic particle events.

通过数值求解包含二阶费米加速的一维扩散方程，探讨在准平行激波条件下激波厚度和级联阿尔芬波对粒子加速的影响，研究粒子分布函数的演化与激波厚度和阿尔芬波强度的内禀关系，计算结果表明：(1)考虑激波厚度时，谱指数明显依赖于激波厚度，随着厚度从0.32增大到2.56，低能端(3-10MeV)谱指数逐渐从2.1增加到3.7，高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从2.4增大到5.0，能谱逐渐变软；当初始注入粒子动量增大1.3倍，质子能谱指数从4.3减小到3.1，且与零厚度激波加速的谱指数差值缩小；厚度不变时，随着压缩比从2增加到4，准稳态分布时低能端(3-10MeV)粒子能谱指数逐渐从4.0减小到1.8谱变硬；(2)在级联阿尔芬波的影响下，随着时间的增大，粒子在低能处(3-10MeV)的谱指数从2.5减小到0.6高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从11.6减小到5.0，能谱变硬，拐点能量值从7.5MeV增大到为19.6MeV；随着波的能量密度增大，谱指数从5.8减小到2.9，这表明阿尔芬波强度越大，加速效率越高，通过与激波厚度解析结果和高能粒子事件的观测能谱比较发现两者是一致的，说明数值模拟结果是可靠的。

In each case, the dollar reached a point of extreme weakness or strength before heading in the other direction.

每次美元都是到了极端疲弱或是极端强劲之后才开始出现拐点的。

There was no obvious correlation between the first extreme point of curvature location and the pain relief.

有效病例与无效病例组间拐点与第二曲率极值点位置不同，差异有显著性意义，第一曲率极值点两组间差异无显著性意义。

The car turn left in the corner and disappeard in our eyeshot.

汽车在拐角处向左拐，然后就从我们的视线中消失了。

In the last part of the paper, we construct a family of 2 parameter cubic algebraic curves interpolating two given endpoints and two given tangent lines and two given curvatures at these two endpoints with different initial cases in detail.

引 言三次参数曲线在计算机辅助几何设计与计算机图形学领域一直扮演着十分重要的角色，这主要是由于三次参数曲线是具有奇异性的次数最低的曲线，这些奇异性包括尖点、拐点和闭圈。

And with a dreadful oath he stumbled off, ploughed down the sand, was helped across the stockade, after four or five failures, by the man with the flag of truce, and disappeared in an instant afterwards among the trees

他又断断续续地骂了一气，这才拄着拐，艰难地踩着沙地向下坡走去，失败了有四、五回，才在打白旗的人的帮助下越过了栅栏，一转眼就消失在了树林里

As the arrival time of a flexion is known, the average speed at the forefront can be calculated.

根据拐点出现的时间，求出烧结过程中各带前沿平均速度。

For forward action, which is again caused by the default flick left and right action.

远期的行动，这也是由默认的左拐和正确的行动造成的。

Walk across the footbridge and take the third turning on the right.

走过人行天桥，在第三个路口向右拐。

When you get to the fork in the road, go left.

当你到了道路的岔口时，向左拐。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。