拉力的

In the business card printing and membership card making to be represented by tension controller to control business card printing and membership card making constant tension, is the key to so overprinter accurate, tension control system is any drum business card printing and membership card making machine one of the main body, to a large extent determine the prints overprinter accuracy, tension and control institutions are primarily provided at bleeder part business card printing and membership card making-position-and-drop your material up institutions, material roll output you need to turn the material roll resistance, inertia, coiling has it own tension values, together with the business card printing and membership card making speed uponsize traction, Business card printing and membership card during various color group overprinter on the resistance of the material makes it possible to put volume, the business card printing and membership card production, letoff institution of tension control is important, the size of the tensility control should see materials of munltivariable, of the material used-narrow to decide.

在制卡和会员卡制作过程中由张力控制器来控制制卡和会员卡制作张力的恒定，是套印准确的关键所以，张力控制系统是任何卷筒制卡和会员卡制作机的一个重要机构，它在很大程度上决定印品的套印准度，张力控制机构主要设于放料部分，制卡和会员卡制作工位和放收料牵引及收卷机构、料卷输出需要阻力，料卷转动有惯性，卷料自身也存在一定的张力值，加上制卡和会员卡制作速度的拉力牵引，制卡和会员卡制作过程中各色组套印对被印材料的阻力使得放卷、制卡和会员卡制作、收卷机构的张力控制显得尤为重要，张力控制的大小应视材料的厚薄、质料宽窄来决定。

The Levy style Cable Dome model is made up of 〓5 tension piano-wires and 〓32×1 5 compressive steel pipes, distance between nodes and the tension force of cables is adjusted by screw up and down the turnbuckle The procedure of shaping up included four ways, and the loading included fully loaded and half loaded, to validate the influence of unconservative property, the author carried through the slack procedure and the unload procedure.

该Levy型索穹顶模型，以受拉的〓5高强钢丝和〓32×1.5受压钢管构成，节点间拉索的长度以及拉索的预拉力通过拧紧或放松花篮螺丝来调节。试验内容包括成形试验和承载力试验，成形试验尝试了四种不同的成形方法，为了考察结构非保守性的影响，每种成形方法成形后，还逆序进行了结构的松弛试验，荷载态试验包括均布荷载满载（即在所有压杆上部节点施加集中荷载）和半载（在结构1／2的压杆上部节点施加集中荷载）的加载和卸载时结构工作性能的测试。

The corrosion fatigue crack growth and near-threshold characteristcsof high tensile steel HT60 were investigated by using the compact specimens underexposure to synthetic sea water. The da/dN vs △K_ relation in air may be conser-vetivel estimated for that in sea water. In the high △K region with high stressratio, owing to the acceleration of crack growth promoted by stress-induced dissol-ution, the crack opening stress intensity factor K_ represents only the result ofcrack surface in contact with corrosion products, so as to give an overestimation ofK_ at crack tip.

对高拉力钢HT60的腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展特性和门槛值区域特性，采用紧凑拉伸试件在人工海水中进行了实验和研究，结果表明：在空气中的da/dN与ΔK_关系可以作为在海水中的da/dN与ΔK关系的一个偏保守的预测；在高应力比的高ΔK区域，由于应力诱起溶解促进了裂纹扩展的加速；该裂纹开口应力强度因子K_仅反映了裂纹表面同腐蚀生成物接触的结果，从而导致了K_在裂纹尖端的偏大的估计结果。

There are some main conclusions of the article. 1.Enterprise inclines to decision-making according to its profit, so constituting and anglicizing green institutions from the view of enterprise will advantage their microcosmic base, then can improve their adaptive abilities and green effects. 2.Government has powers and some potential advantages, but it inheres of some defects, so it should not become the principle parter but the urger, waiter and superintendent of the green transition process. 3.According to social cost and the situation of the social environment, we should adopt a gradual transition stratagem on the whole in the process. 4.We can classify the enterprise green transition into three kinds by the dominant factor in the push-drag-model, push-dominant mode, drag-dominant mode and friction-tight state. Different green policies should giveto different transition mode in odor to getting a good green effect. 5.The costs of enterprise have three levels by the point of view of sustainable development, apparent cost in generation, dormant cost in generation and intergenerational cost. The priority of green system should adjust to the level to which the benefits of the enterprise amount.

本文得出的主要结论有：1、企业具有相机决策的倾向，从企业的角度分析和制定绿色制度可以使政策具有较强的微观基础，进而可以提高它的适应性和绿色效果。2、政府具有暴力潜能，也具有固有的不足，在绿色制度变迁的过程中应该且只能是倡导者、服务者、监督与维护者，而不是主体参与者。3、综合考虑社会成本与社会环境，渐进式的总体推进模式是我国目前较为现实的选择。4、本文建立了企业绿色变迁推拉模型，并根据促使企业绿色转变的主导因素的不同，将企业绿色变迁的模式分为拉力主导型、推力主导型与摩擦状态三种类型，不同的类型应采取不同的绿色政策才能收到良好的绿色效果。5、从可持续发展的角度可以将企业的生产成本分为代内隐性成本、代内显性成本和代际成本三个层次，对于收益处于不同层次的企业，绿色制度的侧重点应有所不同。6、根据企业与政府在绿色制度变迁过程中所起的作用的不同可以将绿色制度变迁分为强制供给型、政府导向型、需求诱导型三种模式。

Incurrent research, aiming at the rupture problem engendered in the shooting process of acertain 5.56mm automatic rifle, the strain and stress distributions on the cartridge caseunder the action of axial pull have been analyzed. Based on the theories of elastic-plasticmechanics and contact mechanics, a mathematic and physical model of the cartridge-caseand chamber system has been set up; and based on the platform of the general softwarepackage APDL of ANSYS for finite element analysis, a parameterized model of thecartridge-case and chamber system has also been established. The method for nonlinearFEA has been adopted to analyze the stress distribution on the entire cartridge-case andchamber system, and the method of contact element has been employed to investigate thecontact stress between the cartridge case and chamber, and then the influences of frictioncoefficient and locking space on the static and dynamic stress and strain response of thecartridge case and chamber to the action of power gas have also been discussed. On thebasis of a lot of numerical tests, a kind of element Plane13, which is concentrated incoupled computation of heat and construction, has been used finally to simulate thetransient response of the cartridge-case and chamber system to the power gas. Throughloading the temporary thermal characteristics of explosive gas in the procedure of emulate, the corresponding transient thermal stress distributed on the entire system under thecombined load of transient thermal stress and transient pressure has been obtained. Owingto these comprehensive considerations, the numerical results obtained in this paperrepresent the actual situations comparatively exactly.

本文针对某5.56mm自动步枪在工作中出现断壳的问题，分析了弹壳在轴向拉力作用下的应力应变；基于弹塑性力学及接触理论，建立了弹壳弹膛系统的数学、物理学模型，在通用有限元ANSYS软件的参数化建模工具APDL平台上，建立了弹壳弹膛系统的参数化模型；采用非线性有限元法计算了弹壳弹膛系统的整体应力，引入接触单元法分析弹壳和弹膛的接触压力，探讨了在不同的摩擦系数和不同的闭锁间隙对弹壳弹膛静、动态响应的影响；本文进行了大量的尝试，最后确定采用热、结构耦合单元Plane13，在计算中加载了火药气体的温度历程，成功的获得了弹壳弹膛系统在瞬态的热载荷和瞬态的压力载荷同时作用下弹壳弹膛系统的热应力数值解，考虑因素全面，比较真实的反映了弹壳弹膛系统在火药气体压力和热载荷下作用的情况。

A wire tying tool having a set of movable talons (400, 401) for channeling a loop of hard wire fed from a spool (600) around an object to be tied with a wire knot at high speed; a wire drive (364) with a pullback feature to retract the loop under tension to tighten the loop around the object; a clutch-controlled retractable reel to hold the tension on the wire on the reel; a spinner/cutter that extrudes a knot by turning, kinking and cutting the wire, and then rotating to twist the wire into a knot while drawing the spinner away from the work surface.

一金属丝捆扎工具有一组带有引导从一卷线筒（600）高速传送来的围绕将被一金属丝结捆扎的物体的、硬金属丝环的通道的可运动的爪钳（400，401）；一具有回拉功能的以便在拉力状态下回拉此环以拉紧围绕物体的环的金属丝传动（364）；一离合器―控制的可回拉的、保持金属丝张力的卷线轴；当旋转器被拉离工作表面时通过转动、扭结和切割金属丝以及然后旋转、以便扭转金属丝形成一结而挤出一结的一旋转器／切割器。

The results show that space finite analysis results are close to test ones, bottom chords suffer axial force and large in-plane bending, and the max stress is nearby each middle internode. The max stress of node crossbeams occurs in No.2 bottom flange, and that of internode crossbeams happens in ones lying in the middle of every internode. The concrete slab is in tension at the longitudinal direction, and also suffers bent at vertical loads. The degree of completely-composite model taking part in the combined actions is about 55%, while that of semi-composite model is 42%-43%. The combination of concrete slab and bottom chord increases the degree of floor system taking part in the combined actions, lightens the burden of bottom chord, and reduces out-of-plane bending of node crossbeams especially the ones near bridgehead. Stress and displacement of main truss can be evaluated by a equivalent plane rigid frame in preliminary design, and effective stiffness of bottom chords are composed of original ones and concrete slab, and the concentrated load from deck can be translated into uniform load.

研究结果表明：空间有限元分析结果与试验结果较吻合；下弦杆受到轴向拉力和较大的面内弯矩作用，各节间最大应力出现在节间中点附近；节点横梁最大应力发生在横梁2的下翼缘，节间横梁最大应力发生在位于端节间中部的小横梁上；混凝土板顺桥向整体受拉，并在竖向集中荷载作用下产生弯曲变形；全结合模型大部分节间内的桥面板参与主桁共同作用的程度为55%左右，半结合模型桥面板的参与程度为42%~43%；桥面板与下弦杆结合能够增加桥面板的参与程度，减轻下弦杆荷载，减少节点横梁尤其是靠近桥头横梁的面外弯曲；对桥梁进行初步设计时，主桁杆件的位移与内力可按照1个等效的平面刚架计算，下弦杆的等效刚度由原下弦杆截面和混凝土桥面板截面组合而成，桥面荷载可转化为均布荷载施加。

Based on the experience of compiling the program, the paper discussed some topics which should been taken note of while compiling a plane member structure FEM program that took the geometric nonlinearity into account as well as the material nonlinearity. With this program, the paper analyzed the effect of the factors on the anti-bending capability of externally prestressed concrete beams and come into some useful conclusions. The factors included: the rate of ordinary steel bars, the initial prestress of the external tendons, the shape of the external tendons, the position and number of deviators and the number of segments.

结合编程实践，本文讨论了编写考虑几何非线性和材料非线性的平面杆系有限元程序应该注意的一些问题，并应用所编的程序，对体外预应力混凝土梁的抗弯性能进行了普通钢筋配筋率、体外索的初始张拉力、体外索的配筋形式、转向块的布置和节段的数目等五个影响因素的分析，得出了一些有益的结论。

Most players who want to create greater revolutions on the ball usually overturn the ball with the thumb. But, it must be noted that unusually high revs are not dependent on raw power and speed. For example, Bob Vespi, now retired, generated great revolutions (six revs before rolling past arrows; taped by Don Johnson), yet Vepsi threw one of the slowest deliveries on the tour.

很多球员为了想得到较高的转速，姆指往往都转过了头，还有，快的转速并不纯然来自於手给予球的提拉力道及速度，举个例来说： Don Johnson 曾录下己退休球员 Bob Vespi 的掷球过程，他的球速在巡回赛的职业球员中算是超级慢的，但是他的球在还没到达箭头前却已经转了6圈。

The mousetrap must contain a solid base to attach the four other parts to, a hammer that clamps down on the mouse, a spring which gives the hammer the necessary power, a holding bar which holds the now energized hammer in position, and a catch to which the holding bar is secured, holding the hammer in coiled tension.

一个捕鼠器必须有一个坚固的底部，用来安装其余四个零件，包括一个击打老鼠的锤子，一个给锤子足够力度的弹簧，一支用来承托上了弹簧的锤子的竿，和一个用来稳定这支竿的把手，使得锤子稳定在弹簧的拉力下。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。