抽象主义

She holds that everyone has a priori abstractive ability, and regards human and human life from the standpoint of biology, which doesn't separate her from humanism.

朗格的理论贡献是显而易见的，但她在认识论上却难以避免唯心主义的影响；她认为人都具有一种先验的抽象能力；她还以生物学的观点来看待人和人的生命，基本上没有脱离人本主义，等等。

But in reality,the protecting function of human rights of themodem criminal law is not at all realized by the responsibilityprinciple's being legalized or its being revered abstractively,whosedestiny is similar to the one of the principle of crime—penaltyprescribed by law.

但是，与罪刑法定原则的际遇相似，现代刑法的人权保障机能并没能因为责任主义的入律或在理论上抽象地尊奉而轻易得到实现。

Over a rather long time, the concept generally accepted by us meant the human art history witnessed the conflict between realism and antirealism, while our traditional Chinese "wenrenhua (painting of man-of-letters)" was judged by principles of popular Western realism.

采用别的方法，如用象征寓意的或抽象、荒诞语言的艺术，即使有现实的品格和精神，常常被归入到别的主义里去。20世纪以来，我们先后提倡过现实主义、革命的现实主义、&革命现实主义与革命浪漫主义相结合&的方法。

Dadaism came out in Frist World War, then the Abstract expressionism and pop art came out one after one after the Second World War, and made New York instead Paris become the world art centre, those are clear proof.

一战与达达主义的出现，二战之后美国的抽象表现主义和波普艺术相继登上世界艺术舞台，并使纽约取代巴黎，成为了世界艺术的中心都是明证。

The existence of politicized dramaturgical action proves that freedom is never abstract; the precondition of realizing true democracy would be to reform the social structure and institutions, rooted on which such psychological and social phenomena could become understandable.

但我们有理由期望这项研究将丰富批判理论关于&战略行为&、&交往行为&的传统界定与阐释；至少，它将证明人类行为类型与互动关系的多样性与复杂性。我们还期望这项研究将为威权主义社会中个体自由、人权的历史性及民主化进程的政治哲学探究提供独特的视角，因为政治性剧场行为的存在告诉我们：自由永远不是抽象的；要实现真正的民主与人权，就必须矫正造成心灵扭曲与禁忌的社会结构与制度运行方式。

Based on abstract method, jurisprudentially discussion, case study, and statistical research, the Article contends that the development and increase of equity proportion of institutional investors has substantially altered the presumption of the shareholder's status in traditional company law.

论文在运用抽象概括、法理探讨、案例分析和统计分析等研究方法的基础上，以机构投资者的发展和股东积极主义的兴起、机构投资者行使股东权利的方式及其行动内容、机构投资者行使股东权利的法律限制与法律风险、机构投资者行使股东权利的受托机制及其自身的治理问题、机构投资者在我国上市公司治理中的地位、作用及其前景为各章内容，对机构投资者在上市公司治理中的地位及其股东权利的行使这一主题展开论述。

At the justificatory level, the complexities of pluralism undermine attempts to ground normative standards in putatively shared understandings which must either be so abstract as to be politically inert, or specific and thereby controversial within as well as across communities.

在正当性层面上，多元主义的错综状态摧毁了试图将规范标准奠基于公认的共有理性之上的做法（这些共有理性要么太过抽象而在政治性上并不适用，要么太具体了，以至于无论在社群内部或社群之间都是引起争议的）。

What Freyer tries to do in his critical statements is to show in what way the most abstract and universal sociological ideal types bare in themselves in form of their essential buildings a central of nonevident historical substance.

弗莱尔在他的批判陈述中试图做的就是展示最抽象，普遍的理想类型裸露在一种必要的历史无证据主义的外在形式

as these notions sound, their actual meaning is entirely personalistic; for, as we shall see in the following chapter, in Van Til's thought only a person can be a truly concrete universal, an ultimate one-and-many.

虽然这些观念听起来很抽象，但它们实际上的意义是全然位格主义的；因为，在范泰尔的思想中，只有一位有位格的存有，才可能是一个真正「具体的共相」，才可能是「终极的一与众」。

1Theoretically,based on Marxism and positive methodology and applying heavily theory andmethodologies from modern political science、sociology and Social psychology,it provides a more pro-found analysis on Sun's political thought;2as far as the narrative is concerned,the essay does not setany abstract goal to give a unpositive judgement on Sun's thought but sets the study in the social envi-ronment then and in an enviroment where international political thought kept changing;3the essayalso provides new ideas elsewhere as far as individual issues are concerned.

本文的独特之处在于：一、从理论而言，本文以马克思主义为基本指导，以实证史学为基础，大量运用了现代政治学、社会学、社会心理学等理论与方法，对孙中山的政治思想作了较为深入的分析。二、从论述角度而言，本文并未设定一抽象目标，对孙中山妄加评判，而是把孙中山放在中国当时的社会环境，国际政治思潮变化的环境中进行分析。三、从具体问题而言，本文也有若干新见。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。