抽样

As the complex of the safety margin the solution of failure probability by the improved and sampling Monte-Carlo method is recommended here.

鉴于功能函数的复杂性，推荐应用改进的抽样蒙脱卡罗方法求解失效概率和可靠度。

Methods According to the classification of east, middle and west areas in China, as well as urban and rural, the multi-stage cluster probability sampling was used to select randomly total 17607 children under 5 years, whose weight and height were measured in standard method.

方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法，按照东、中、西三类地区和城市、农村的分层原则，在全国选取17607名5岁以下儿童，测量儿童的身高和体重。

In probability sampling, a statement of the likelihood that a range of values i.e.

Confidence level：置信度在随机抽样中，它代表了一组数值成为真实人口数值的可能性。

The quantitative analysis of the input parameters can be done by probability random sampling deduction method for the leaking source of pipeline gas.

采用随机抽样推断法对管道煤气泄漏源的输入参数的不确定性问题进行定量的分析，并且讨论了泄漏时间的不定性与确定泄漏源强度的关系，提出了管道气体泄漏时间估算方法。

Content includes probability, statistical distribution, sampling, estimation, hypothesis testing, regression, multiple regression, and random process.

主要内容包括：概率、统计分布、抽样、估计，假设检验、回归、多元回归和随机过程等。

This course is a self-contained introduction to statistics with economic applications. Elements of probability theory, sampling theory, statistical estimation, regression analysis, and hypothesis testing.

这是一门独立的统计学导读课程，适用于经济学，要点包括概率论，抽样理论，统计估计，回归分析和假设检验。

The content includes: sources, collection and tabulation of data, description of characteristic of data distribution, probability, sampling method, regression and correlation, hypothesis testing, time series and index number.

主要内容包括：统计数据的收集与整理，数据分布特征的描述，抽样的基本理论与方法，相关分析与回归分析，假设检验的基本理论与方法，时间数列分析，统计指数。

The first CATI system was developed in America, in the middle of 70's. They used CATI to help them to design survey, and to perform the probability sampling.

CATI系统发展最早在美国，约从1970年代中期开始，他们将统计中的机率抽样以电脑程式表现，藉以提高调查回收率。

Sset future prices can be forecasted with filtering historical simulation by drawing from standardized residual density. The problem of inappropriate risk neutral assumption could be resolved by the calibration from density transformation. The transformation is to identify the state price density per unit probability through the parameter re-estimation by minimizing the mean squared error of market and model prices.

bstract：使用残差机率分配抽样的过滤历史模拟法可以作为未来资产价格的预测，而风险中立假设不适当的问题则可透过风险测度的转换予以解决，该转换过程系将市场价格与模型价格的均方差极小化求得估计校正后的新参数，作为状态价格机率分配的转换机制。

objective to determine the menarche age among female students and the relation between body fat and menarche in anhui province to provide theoretical basis for adopting intervention measure and carrying out health education.methods probability unit regression were used to calculate mmas in 3 000 girls aged 9～18 years old,who were selected from 3 areas in 2005.results mmas were 12.76 and 13.11 years old for urban and rural girls respectively.the youngest age was 10.the menarche age was significantly,related with bmi sebum thickness of abdomen,sebum thickness of shoulder blade and the upper arm.conclusion there was significant relationship between menarche age and body fat.menarche age showed an ahead trend in han national students in anhui province.sex eduction should be conducted in advance,and it was important to strengthen sex education in adolescent.

目的 了解安徽省女生月经初潮及初潮前后体脂变化情况，为采取干预措施和健康教育提供理论依据。方法按照2005年全国学生体质调研要求，采用分层整群抽样方法，对安徽省南、中、北3个地区城乡9～18岁中小学女生3000人进行调查，并测量体质指数、腹部皮脂厚度、上臂皮脂厚度和肩胛下皮脂厚度4项指标。结果城市女生半数月经初潮平均年龄为12.76岁，农村女生13.11岁，城乡最小月经初潮年龄均为10岁。体质指数、腹部皮脂厚度、上臂皮脂厚度和肩胛下皮脂厚度4项指标均值来潮组均大于未来潮组，差异有统计学意义，p.01。结论月经初潮年龄与体脂因素关系密切；安徽省汉族学生月经初潮年龄呈现提前趋势，性教育应提前，加强青春期性教育尤为重要。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。