报应

My own belief is that this form of retributive theory appeals to something with deeper instinctive roots than the last mentioned Principle .

我自己的信念是，这种报应论求助予[MS13] 比刚提及的原则有着更深刻的本能的根源的某种东西。

Surely the realization of what would be lost, and not a retributive theory of punishment, is all that is required as a reason for refusing to make the descent into Erewhon.

对我们会丧失什么以及不是一种关于惩罚的报应主义理论的意识，肯定是作为拒绝对厄里文理论的屈尊的一个理由的全部要求所在。

The criminal policy governing the traditional justice against the criminal offence is retributive and punitive.

支配传统刑事司法的刑事政策是报应性和惩罚性的。

He realizes what she now is under the Roman yoke, bearing the frown of God, doomed to His retributive judgment.

他深知这首都现下处于罗马人的铁蹄和上帝的震怒之下，注定要受到报应的。

The two great theories — retributive and ultilitarian — seem , and at least are understood by their defenders , to stand in open and flagrant contradiction .

这两大理论——报应和功利——似乎至少被他们的支持者所熟悉，并由其支持者作为代表互相展开公然的反驳。

To say that it is of the very nature of punishment to be retributive , is to say that a system of inflicting hardship on someone could not be Properly called 'punishment,' unless it is the aim of this system to hurt all and only those guilty of an offence .

对某人施加痛苦的某种体制可能不能被叫做"惩罚"，除非这个体制的目的是对所有且仅仅违法有罪的人施予痛苦，只有这种情况下，惩罚的本质才是报应性的。

For our purposes we may say that there are two justifications of punishment. What we may call the retributive view is that punishment is justified on the grounds that wrongdoing merits punishmentIt is morally fitting that a person who does wrong should surfer in Proportion to his wrongdoing .

为了我们的目的我们可以说惩罚有两个正当性，被称为报应的正当性是建立在违法行为的处罚的价值是在道德上与违法行为人应因他的错误行为受到的惩罚成比例的基础上。

Often perhaps they derive their force from a purely punitive or retributive attitude; but alternatively they may be held to be relevant to an assessment of the social damage that results from a criminal act .

通常，它可能是从纯粹的惩罚性的或者报应的态度中得到它们的效力，但是他们也可以从评估犯罪行为所造成的社会损害的角度来获得他们的效力。

But again the question arises , if this form of retributive theory depends on the connexion between blame and resentment , whether the law should give effect to such a theory .

但是，这里又出现了这样的问题，即如果这种报应理论取决于谴责与愤慨之间的联系，那么，法律是否应贯彻这样一种理论。

Both sides, I think, make a common mistake: there is a reason for making punishment conditional on the commission of crime and respecting excusing conditions, which is quite independent of the form of retributive theory that is often urged as the only alternative to Erewhon.

我认为，双方都犯了一个共同的错误：使惩罚取决于犯罪的实施与尊重免责条件，有一个理由。这一理由完全独立于常常被极力主张是厄里文理论的惟一替代物的那种报应论之外。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。