折射的

In this dissertation, the optical implementations of integrated bypass-exchange switches and interconnection networks are investigated as the followings:(1) An electro-optic bypass-exchange switch integrated in a single substrate of birefringent crystal is proposed, which is polarization based, and consists of two beam splitters based on the phenomena of double refraction and inner double reflection and in-between an electro-optic modulator based on the electro-optic effect of crystal.

鉴于此，本论文从网络集成包装的角度出发，研究bypass-exchange开关和互连网络的光学实现，主要内容包括：(1)利用单轴晶体的双折射双反射原理和晶体的电光效应，设计了一种新颖的单块晶体集成的电光偏振控制型bypass-exchange光开关，将一个电光偏振控制型bypass-exchange光开关所必需的器件（两个光束分束器和一个电光调制器）集成在一块晶体上。

This paper researches a optical sensor and a new method for product oil identification and mixed oil distinguish and calculates the light intensity of the Fresnel reflection occurred at the interface between the product oil and a measuring probe. The product oil and oil mixtures are analyzed by using the principle of energy conservation and the inductor model of an electron cloud.

通过分析光的变化磁场的电磁感应对介质的作用以及光在介质分子间能量传递过程建立的电子云导体模型，运用能量守恒原理对光在介质中的传播以及折射现象进行了研究，对不同成品油及其混油的折射率进行测量及相关计算，得到了计算成品油折射率和识别混油的方法。

Maybe today we dare not assure our demonstration can make history reappear, but we must show the points of our own accurately as possible as we can. Through the evolution research to the fish emblazonment reflecting the ideas of ancient designs, it is indispensable contents to the theoretical research of modern designs.

或许今天我们谁也不敢保证自己的论证就一定能够真正的再现历史，但我们必须站在今天的时代高度尽可能准确论述自己的见解，通过对鱼形纹饰的流变研究来折射古代的设计思想，这是现代设计理论研究不可或缺的重要内容。

With a new round of promoting the comprehensive reform of basic education, the examination system naturally became the focus of attention, the examination system as the main form of papers and better reflect the status of education reform, teachers and students became papers between the Ties, papers detect the effect of the teaching and learning, how effective scientific papers in the commentary stresses, has become promoting education reform experiment epigraphy.

河南省新乡市第十三中学，河南新乡 453000 ）摘要：随着新一轮基础教育改革的全面推进，考试制度自然成了关注的焦点，作为考试制度主要表现形式的试卷，更能折射出教育改革的现状，试卷成了教师和学生之间的纽带，试卷检测出了教与学的效果，如何科学的有效的评讲试卷，就成了推动教育改革实验金石。

These images of China full of diversity and mobility simultaneously reflect the diversity, mobility and open-endedness of the writers cultural identity, and so refute the belief in essentialist identity of Asian American literature criticism, and at the same time echo the views on multi-cultural identity and diasporic identity advocated by some Asian American scholars.

从这些富含差异性和流变性的中国形象中折射出来的华裔作家的身份认同也呈多元、流动、开放的形态，从一个侧面反驳了华裔美国文学批评中的本质主义身份观，同时也应和了华裔美国文学研究中的多元文化身份观和离散身份观。

The artist reveals the incredulous and the intimate, refracting her own trajectory, life experience and subsequent, projection of assumed or "predetermined" beliefs of the self in the process, the final ensemble of images serving as an extenuation of an otherwise narcissistic fascination.

艺术家揭示了怀疑性和亲密性，折射了她的自我弹道、生活经验。其次，过程中假定的或"预定的"自我信仰的投影，所有照片整体最终给人一种看得轻微的或者说是孤芳自赏的魅力。

The relation of the surface shape error to f-number and relevant spherical radius was achieved according to the reducing analysis model ignoring the local f-number. Two kinds of rhombic prism model are established by ZEMAX. According to the simulation results from ZEMAX, the correctness and limitation of the former methods are proved and analyzed. The results are used to analyze the effect of the surface shape error of the rhombic prism on parallelism of the emergent beam. The assignation plan of the surface shape error for each working surface is presented.

根据忽略局部光圈数的简化分析模型，获得面形误差对应光圈数与相关球面半径的关系，通过几何处理方法，求得一定面形误差对应的球面半径与平面倾角的关系，将斜方棱镜的工作面倾斜一定角度，运用折射定理，将具体面形误差转化为相应平面的倾斜角度，得到出射光相对于理想光轴的倾斜角度及其关系式，并在ZEMAX中建立斜方棱镜的两种模型。

That is: the optical fibers which are to be tested will wind the same circle according to different radius or will wind the different optical fibers circles according to the same radius, making the direction of incident ray side vibration as parameter, we have done the specific experiments and theory analysis to winding waste of quartz system, both refraction optical fibers and Elastic-optic effect of optical fiber.

即把待测光纤以不同的半径缠绕成相同的光纤圈和以相同的半径下缠绕成不同的光纤圈，以入射线偏振光方向为参数，对单模石英系双折射光纤的弯曲损耗与光纤的弹光效应进行了的具体的实验和理论分析。

Based on Fermat's theorem, the law of reflection and refraction is obtained, and the geometrical ray tracing method of reflected light is introduced. In response to geometric optics rainbow theory and Airy rainbow theory, the relationship formula of the N-order rainbow angle with the refraction index and the Airy peak value position formula are derived, and the physics causation of the first order rainbow are discussed and analyzed in detail. The distribution properties of the first and second order Airy structures of spherical particles are calculated.

利用费马原理推导了反射和折射定律，以反射射线的跟踪为例介绍了几何光学射线跟踪方法的推导过程；根据几何光学彩虹理论和Airy理论，推导了N阶几何光学彩虹角与入射角和折射率的关系及Airy峰的位置表达式，详细阐述了一阶彩虹形成的物理原因，计算了球形粒子的一、二阶Airy分布。

It is at once a folk-myth, a children's story, and a misanthrope's gift to mankind: in Lilliput, which is, quite literally, a microcosm, the vices and follies not merely of England but of all mankind are epitomized.

作者讲述的是民间神话和儿童故事，但同时也为人类带来了一份充满讽刺艺术的礼物。小说中的小人国实际上是一个微观世界，其中人物的陋行和愚眛不仅仅是英格兰社会的折射，同时也是全人类的缩影。

This brought fixed cost, but it also is meant at the same time use a source to won't make you singlehanded assume a problem.

这带来了一定的成本，但它同时也意味着使用开源不会让你独力承担问题。

He gained a small fortune in real estate.

他在房地产上发了一笔小财。