折射的

In theory, there is no error for the refractive seismic exploration by permuting the focus and the cymoscope. In some especial condition, it would be the only choice because that refractive seismic exploration is needed, but the error can not be neglected be cause of various factors.

在理论上，用源检互换的方法进行折射地震勘探是没有误差的，在某些特殊条件下无法铺设检波器而又必须进行折射地震勘探时它也是唯一的选择，然而，在实际工作中，由于各种因素的影响，其误差是不可忽略的。

An optical system with refraction and total internal reflection was proposed according to the luminous characteristic of LED and the law of energy conservation. The ordinary differential equations satisfying the spots on the contour curve of TIR refractive and reflective planes were established. The coordinates of points on profile curves were obtained by solving these ordinary differential equations using Runge-Kutta method. The profile curves were acquired by curve fitting of the coordinate spots with software UG, and then TIR model of the projector and data of the surface shape suitable for NC manufacture were obtained.

根据LED的发光特性以及能量守恒定律选择采用折射全反射光学系统，通过建立TIR折射面及全反射面轮廓曲线上的点所满足的常微分方程，利用RungeKutta求解常微分方程得到轮廓曲线上点的坐标，再在UG中对坐标点进行曲线拟合得到轮廓曲线，进而得到TIR模型及适合数控加工的面形数据。

The effects of the linear birefringence and incident polarizing angle upon the performance of a bulk glass optical current sensor are derived and analyzed, a modulation formula to describe the influences of the linear birefringence to the output signal of the sensor is given.The effect of the incident polarizing angle upon the performance of the system and the condition to determine if or not it can exert the influence are also given.

对线性双折射及入射起偏角对光学玻璃电流传感器输出特性的影响进行了理论推导与分析，给出了光学玻璃电流传感器在非理想状态下线性双折射对输出电压的调制函数的数学表达式，并给出了入射起偏角对系统影响的数学表达式及其对系统有无影响的条件。

The reflection coefficient and refraction coefficient are also given; the analysis shows the versatility of the principle of least action ,Snell s law and Fresnell s law in the research on the left-handed material,and the negative refraction effect is explained.

研究了电磁波在左右手介质界面折射与反射的特性，给出了折射系数和反射系数，从另外一个方面探讨了最小作用量原理在左手材料中的适用性；从电动力学和最小作用量原理证明了Snell定律，验证了Snell定律在左手材料中的适用性，并且得到Fresnell公式在左右手材料中的一致性。

The method does not depend on strict local parameters and precise instruments, while the observational principle is relatively simple. An experimental observation was carried out with a simple telescope with large field of view at Xinglong station of NAOC at the end of 2007. The atmospheric refraction from the zenith distance of 44.8 degree to 87.5 degree is gotten by the differential method, which proves the feasibility of the method tentatively.

该方法不依赖于严格的地方参数和复杂精密的观测仪器，并且观测原理相对简单。2007年底，利用一台简易的大视场望远镜在兴隆观测站进行了试验观测，根据较差方法实测得到真天顶距44.8°至87.5°的大气折射值，初步证明了大气折射较差测量方法的可行性。

We found that the recording order of gratings with different periodicity made a crucial effect on the final forming of the microstructures. 4. Photo-induced birefringence phenomenons of P , containing mono azobenzene chromophore and P (MMA-co-GY7), containing diazobenzene chromophore were studied by static absorption and dynamic pump-probe techniques.

研究了单偶氮苯聚合物P、双偶氮苯聚合物P（MMA-co-GY7）的紫外-可见吸收光谱、荧光光谱，并对单偶氮苯、双偶氮苯聚合物材料光谱性能的差异进行了分析；研究了偶氮苯聚合物的超快光致双折射过程，并对单偶氮苯聚合物与双偶氮苯聚合物进行了比较，分析了含双偶氮聚合物超快光致双折射过程的来源。

The light filtrating properties were studied through the filling of 3D continuous pores with divinyl benzene as a highly refractive liquid.

研究了三维连续孔道在充满二乙烯基苯高折射液体后的滤光特性，通过引入金属离子改变固体材料折射率的方法，验证了光在高折射液相中的全反射效应，并从定性角度建立三维骨架材料的孔径及分布与透射光波长范围之间的关系，对新光学现象给出了初步解释。

The results are verified from deep to extremely shallow water conditions. The shoaling waves, standing waves, 3D disturbance waves, tidal waves and solitude waves are simulated and verified,and waves over an underwater bar,the diffraction near single breakwater, breakwater gap, offshore breakwater, Breakhoff experiment are taken into account in this model. Furthermore, the wave harbor resonance under special topography, and "Bragg" resonance are simulated. The wave refraction problem under current fields,the nonlinear wave refraction-diffraction under "Arthur" current field, and the wave propagation under slowly varying current field are studied. The favorable calibrations show the model's feasibility in dealing with the wave nonlinearity and simulation in both deep and shallow water.

论文对深水至极浅水非线性波进行了较全面的验证，计算模拟了波浪浅化、立波、三维干涉波、潮波、孤立波以及波浪越过潜堤、单突堤绕射、双突堤绕射、岛式堤、Berkhoff实验和多连通水域波浪传播等问题，还对特殊地形条件下波浪发生港湾共振、布拉格共振进行了仿真；论文研究了水流中波浪传播折射变形问题，Arthur流场上非线性折射-绕射、水位缓变的转向潮流中波浪传播等缓变水流中波浪问题，各类问题的较好解决验证和表明了本文模式与方法具有适用于深浅水的可计算性与非线性。

Because the velocity of the ore bed in the fault trough is different with the velocity of the both sides layers, so for the sake of designing demand we should full use the action of calibrating lithologic character of the refraction wave.

由于在地堑内的矿层和两侧的地层速度不同，为了满足设计要求，在施工过程中，充分利用折射波视速度的岩性标定作用，也就是说根据折射波不同的视速度反映，可以准确判断地震测线是否已控制到地堑的边界断层，并及时调整反射波测线布置，大大缩短了现场处理时间，提高了勘探效率。

The electrically controlled refractive index in a nematic liquid crystal cell for switchable π/2 phase shifting and quarter wave plate of terahertz wave was demonstrated. We used the nematic LC, E7, which exhibits a birefringence of ~0.17 (0.2~1.2THz), useable at the room temperature range because of the wide nematic range -10?

我们研制了在兆赫辐射(1012 赫兹)波段，以电压控制其双折射系数的向列型液晶盒所制作而成的可调式π/2相位调制器及四分之一波片，我们使用了E7这种向列型液晶，在0.2~1.2兆赫这个波段，E7的双折射系数约为0.17，此外其适用的温度范围很大(摄氏-10°~61°)，能够操作於室温。

This brought fixed cost, but it also is meant at the same time use a source to won't make you singlehanded assume a problem.

这带来了一定的成本，但它同时也意味着使用开源不会让你独力承担问题。

He gained a small fortune in real estate.

他在房地产上发了一笔小财。