折射率

In this paper, we proposed a new method of coupling in terms of the request of the intersatellite optical communication system. Using an aspherical cylindrical lens whose front cylindrical lens is orthonormal to its back cylindrical lens collimates the laser beam, and then is focused by a GRIN lens and couples to the single-mode fiber.

针对星间光通信系统的要求，本文采用一种新型的半导体激光耦合方案，用前后正交的非球面柱面透镜准直半导体激光束，再经渐变折射率自聚焦透镜聚焦耦合入单模光纤。

It is based on the fact that light is diffracted according to the refractive index or thickness of the material through which it passes.

这种技术以光的衍射为基础，依赖于折射率或光所通过标本的厚度。

A holographic pattern, formed adjacent to the material layer on a surface of at least one of the transparent substrates, changes a divergence angle of the light by diffracting or transmitting without diffraction the incident light according to change of the refractive index of the material layer.

与材料层相邻地形成在至少一个透明基底的表面上的全息图案根据材料层的折射率的改变通过衍射入射光或者无衍射地透射入射光来改变光的发散角。

The design was optimized for maximum signal intensity by simulation and experiments. The size of focal spot in the micro-channel capillary was optimized. Fluorescence signal was enhanced 2～3 times when increasing the diameter of focal spot from 10μm to 50μm (full of the inner wall of capillary), through which the sensitivity and signal-noise ratio were also improved. A technique of using refractive matching liquid was presented. The fluorescence signals were boosted up and the signal collection efficiency was also meliorated when using this method.

通过理论分析和实验优化本系统的设计：优化聚焦于微通道中的激发光斑大小，增大聚焦到毛细管内径中的激发光斑尺寸，使光斑尺寸由最小的10μm增大到50μm，光电倍增管接收到的荧光信号提高了2-3倍，从而提高系统的信噪比和灵敏度；提出在聚焦物镜处加折射率匹配液的方法，加匹配液后的荧光信号得到了增强，因而提高了荧光收集效率和灵敏度。

The invention discloses an optical-fiber all-optical code converter, comprising a temperature control circuit as well as optical-fiber Mach-Zed interferometer, heat sink, semiconductor refrigerator, thermosensitive resistor and radiator, where the interferometer is composed of two cascaded 3dB couplers on the heat sink, the relation between length difference delta L of two arms of the interferometer and generated delay time difference delta T is that delta L=c.delta T/n, where c is light velocity in vacuum and n is refractive index of optical fiber; the thermosensitive resistor is used to detect temperature of interferometer, the temperature control circuit is used to compare feedback voltage of the thermosenstive resistor with a given voltage to regulate working current of the semiconductor refrigerator, and the semiconductor refrigerator refrigerates or heat two arms of the interferometer by the heat sink.

本发明公开了一种光纤型全光码型转换器，它包括温控电路和位于密封盒内的光纤型马赫-泽德干涉仪、导热热沉、半导体制冷器、热敏电阻以及散热片；干涉仪由位于导热热沉上的二个3dB耦合器级联而成，两臂的长度差ΔL与产生的延时差ΔT之间的关系为ΔL＝c。ΔT/n，c为真空中光速，n为光纤折射率；热敏电阻用于对干涉仪的温度进行探测，温控电路用于比较热敏电阻反馈的探测电压和设定电压，对半导体制冷器的工作电流进行调节，半导体制冷器通过导热热沉对干涉仪两臂同时进行制冷或加热。

Besides, annealing also smoothes the film surface and enhances the density and refractive index of the films.

退火处理使薄膜的表面粗糙度降低、致密度增加、折射率增大。

This mainly displayed in the temperature change caused the back lining material which constituted hydrophone head expansion or contraction, and changed the optical fiber refractive index.

这主要表现在温度变化引起水听器探头背衬材料的胀缩和光纤折射率的变化。

Cerium dioxide has high refractive index and dielectric constant and ultraviolet absorption which may be useful for various optical and electronic applications.

二氧化铈具有高折射率、介电常数和紫外吸收率，因此它广泛地应用于各种光学和电子器件。

This requirement may be satisfied by the submission of information such as the following: name (generic name, chemical name, code number); Chemical Abstracts Service number if available; description (e.g., appearance, color, physical state); molecular formula and molecular weight; structural formula (including ionic state if applicable); stereochemistry identifying chiral centers, cis-trans isomerism, etc.

该要求可以通过提供下述信息来满足：名称（通用名、化学名、编码等）、化学摘要服务编码、性状描述（如：外观、颜色、物理状态）、分子式和分子重量、结构式、立体化学（找出手性中心、顺式反式异性等）、对映结构体比率（如：外消旋物、规定的异构体、对映异构物和固态形式的混合物）、溶解度概况、分配系数、溶液 pH 值、解离常数、熔点或沸点、折射率、比重。

Optical clearing is a technique to increase the light penetration depth in the tissue by the application of clearing agent to reduce light scattering and match the refractive index between the scatterer and the environment.

光透明技术是一种在生物组织中通过施加光透明剂来抑制光散射，改善散射体和环境的折射率匹配，从而增加光在生物组织中的穿透深度的技术。

This brought fixed cost, but it also is meant at the same time use a source to won't make you singlehanded assume a problem.

这带来了一定的成本，但它同时也意味着使用开源不会让你独力承担问题。

He gained a small fortune in real estate.

他在房地产上发了一笔小财。