折射定律

An optical system with refraction and total internal reflection was proposed according to the luminous characteristic of LED and the law of energy conservation. The ordinary differential equations satisfying the spots on the contour curve of TIR refractive and reflective planes were established. The coordinates of points on profile curves were obtained by solving these ordinary differential equations using Runge-Kutta method. The profile curves were acquired by curve fitting of the coordinate spots with software UG, and then TIR model of the projector and data of the surface shape suitable for NC manufacture were obtained.

根据LED的发光特性以及能量守恒定律选择采用折射全反射光学系统，通过建立TIR折射面及全反射面轮廓曲线上的点所满足的常微分方程，利用RungeKutta求解常微分方程得到轮廓曲线上点的坐标，再在UG中对坐标点进行曲线拟合得到轮廓曲线，进而得到TIR模型及适合数控加工的面形数据。

Furthermore, for angles of incidence other than 0o, Snell's law (that is, sin I /sin γ=constant) holds for the ordinary but not for the extraordinary ray, since the velocity of the latter is different in different directions.

此外，入射角如果大于零度，根据折射定律(sin I /sin γ=常量)适合于寻常光，但不适于非常光线，因而在不同的方向有不同的速度。

According to the refraction law of the ray and with some knowledge of maths, the author quantitatively analysed the regularity of image of the mini-object in the water.

从光的折射定律出发，运用有关数学知识，定量研究了水中物点成像的规律。

He showed by using geometric construction and the law of refraction (also known as Descartes' law) that the angular radius of a rainbow is 42 degrees i.e.

他使用几何结构和折射定律显示了一次彩虹的角半径（也就是彩虹边缘的虹膜与通过彩虹中心的阳光的内角）是42度。

According to the law of refraction, a measuring apparatus was designed, which can measure refractive index of transparent medium. This paper expounded the design principle of the measuring apparatus, its usage and some experimental content, and gave measurement results of refractive index on some materials.

将CCD测试技术引入物理实验，介绍了依据折射定律设计的能够测量任何透明介质折射率的仪器原理、使用方法及开设的部分实验内容，给出了对一些材料折射率的测量结果。

Based on Fermat's theorem, the law of reflection and refraction is obtained, and the geometrical ray tracing method of reflected light is introduced. In response to geometric optics rainbow theory and Airy rainbow theory, the relationship formula of the N-order rainbow angle with the refraction index and the Airy peak value position formula are derived, and the physics causation of the first order rainbow are discussed and analyzed in detail. The distribution properties of the first and second order Airy structures of spherical particles are calculated.

利用费马原理推导了反射和折射定律，以反射射线的跟踪为例介绍了几何光学射线跟踪方法的推导过程；根据几何光学彩虹理论和Airy理论，推导了N阶几何光学彩虹角与入射角和折射率的关系及Airy峰的位置表达式，详细阐述了一阶彩虹形成的物理原因，计算了球形粒子的一、二阶Airy分布。

The reflection coefficient and refraction coefficient are also given; the analysis shows the versatility of the principle of least action ,Snell s law and Fresnell s law in the research on the left-handed material,and the negative refraction effect is explained.

研究了电磁波在左右手介质界面折射与反射的特性，给出了折射系数和反射系数，从另外一个方面探讨了最小作用量原理在左手材料中的适用性；从电动力学和最小作用量原理证明了Snell定律，验证了Snell定律在左手材料中的适用性，并且得到Fresnell公式在左右手材料中的一致性。

However, the refraction of plane wave in reaction-diffusion system obeys Snell's law only for proper diffusion coefficients and system parameters.

在二维复金兹堡-朗道方程描述的反应扩散振荡系统中，就扩散对平面波折射率的影响进行了数值研究，从Snell定律出发导出了折射率的解析表达式，数值和理论结果表明：在纯扩散情况下，平面波的折射满足Snell折射定律，扩散只影响着平面波折射率的大小；在同时存在反应扩散情况下，只有在适当的扩散系数和系统参数下，平面波的折射才满足Snell折射定律。

With the expression for the light propagation, the corresponding Snell's law and the expression of Fresnel coefficients are obtained, which can be applied to describe the re°ection-refraction event at the interface between an arbitrary combination of transparent and absorbing media.

并由此得到吸收介质界面上的反射和折射定律及其菲涅耳公式，所得结果也适用于由吸收和非吸收介质任意组合的界面。标签菲涅耳公式反射折射吸收折射率

When parallel laser beam is irradiating the bubble in the prism, circular interference fringe is produced in the far-field. Based on the far-field theoretical model, the angle position of interference fringes outside the prism is measured with spectrometer and converted into the angle position of interference fringes inside the prism according to Snell's law and then bubble diameter is calculated with computing software Mathematica, the relative difference of which is 0.2%.

平行激光束照射到棱镜中的气泡时，在远场将产生圆环状干涉条纹，利用气泡远场干涉理论模型，使用分光仪对三棱镜外干涉条纹角位置进行测量，由折射定律换算为棱镜内干涉条纹角位置，进而使用计算软件mathematica计算出气泡直径，其相对差为0.2%。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。