折射

In the second chapter, during the study of compound x-ray refractive lenses, diffraction function of compound lens is derived in the light of refraction and absorption effect and the design theory of X-ray is deduced using diffraction theory in connection with the characteristic of X-ray band.

在第二章X射线聚焦组合透镜的研究中，针对X射线波段的特性，综合考虑折射和吸收效应得出组合透镜的衍射屏函数，利用衍射理论推导出X射线聚焦组合透镜的设计理论并进行结构设计与微细加工制作技术研究。

The theoretical and numerical study of such a device is reported, including the derivations of the diffractive screen function of the compound lens and the equations of the intensity distribution in the focus plane by considering both refraction and absorption effect and diffraction theory.

针对 X射线波段的特性，综合考虑折射和吸收效应得出组合透镜的衍射屏函数，并利用衍射理论推导出 X射线组合透镜的设计理论。

The solar halo is one kind of optical phenomenon which results from the small drops of water in cirrus and cirrostratus formed the larger sparkling and crystal-clear ice when they run into the cold air.

日晕，是一种光学现象，是因为天空卷云和卷层云中的小水滴凝结成颗粒较大的冰晶，而冰晶对阳光进行折射和反射，把阳光分解成了红、黄、绿、紫等多种颜色的结果。

Fundao Dom Cabral jumps from 16th to eighth position, in joint position with Insead and mirroring the Brazilian-based institution's strong performance in 2010's open programme rankings.

Fundao Dom Cabral从第16位升至第8位，紧挨着欧洲工商学院，折射出这家巴西商学院在2010年开放课程排名上的卓越表现。

The achromatic characteristics of holographic lens and refractive lens are studied preliminarily.

对全息光学元件和折射学光学元件互消色差进行特性了初步探讨。

Achromatic lens: A lens which refracts light of most colours equally, i.e.

消色差透镜：能够把大多数色光作等量折射的透镜。

of designing an achromatic lens with F/#=1 and aperture D=5mm is developed and numerical simulation is performed.

利用这种特性，本文提出了一种变深度亚波长孔阵金属折衍混合透镜（DV- SHAM R/D lens），它是由DV- SHAM lens与折射透镜结合，能够消色差，实现宽波段成像。

Frequency stabilization laser based on transverse Zeeman effect provides several characters such as high stabilization frequency.

基于横向塞曼效应的稳频激光器，频率稳定度高，抗干扰能力强，输出功率大，差拍信号频率低、易于接收和处理，可直接输出相干性和偏振度都很好的线偏振光，便于测量偏振、双折射等物理量。

Such distinct constitutive parameters have brought the medium several quite unique electromagnetic properties, such as negative refraction, reversed Doppler effect, reversed Cerenkov radiation, etc.

其独特的本构参数给予了这种介质独特的电磁特性，比如负折射、逆多普勒效应、逆？

Plates of globular cluster M3, taken with the 40cm refractor at Sheshan station of Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, are used by this work. The difference of epoch of these plates is up to 81years. The positions and absolute proper motions of 24 stars in ACT catalogue, which links with the Hipparcos Catalogue based on the International Celestial Reference System, are used as the reference frame. Using the central overlapping principle, the absolute proper motions of 534 stars in the region of about 100'×100' around the cluster are determined. After the membership determination of the stars which based on the data of proper motions, average absolute proper motion components for the cluster of -0.3±0.3 mas/yr in R.A.

本文使用上海天文台佘山40厘米折射望远镜拍摄的14张最长时间跨度为81年的球状星团M3底片的PDS扫描结果，使用与 Hipparcos星表相联系的基于国际大球惯性参考系的ACT星表中的 24颗恒星的位置和绝对自行为参考架，用中心重叠法进行天体测量归算，得到了这个星团中心附近100'×100'天区内534颗恒星的位置和绝对自行，并利用这些自行对成员概率进行了估算，得到这个星团的赤经方向绝对自行为- 0.3±0.3mas/yr，赤纬方向绝对自行为-3.1±0.3mas／yr。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。