折射

The evolution of Chinese clothing mirrors specific status of politics and economy, folk custom, religion, ethics, value and social psychology.

中国服饰文化的历史和发展，折射出政治、经济、民俗、宗教、伦理、社会风尚、价值观和社会心理等方面的内涵，反映出不同时期人们的生活方式、审美观念及对时尚的理解和追求。

The thesis probes into Schoenberg' thinkings about music history, music nationalism, music education, music criticism, and music creation, respectively. There are some important viewpoints in Schoenberg's music thought: Firstly, Schoenberg's ideas of music history, he believes relationship of tradition and revolution in art is dialectical in nature, and argues that evolution in music was determined by natural law, obviously influenced by Hegel's philosophical history idea. Secondly, the thesis sums up his viewpoints of music nationalism, such as "lay stress on art music, look down on folk music","lay stress on western European music, look down on non- western European music" by Schoenberg's account about the reasons of the formation of national art, the dominant of national art and nationality in music; in fact, this viewpoint of western cultural centricity is one of his i mportant viewpoints throughout his life; Thirdly, Schoenberg's concept of music education: in his thought a composing teacher should teach the students how to master "the tool of art", train them for their ability of "one major and various kinds of techniques", try his best to nourish the student's personality; Fourthly, Schoenberg set forth some opinions about modern music critics and the method of music criticism: a music critic must be equipped with the quality of a music expert, and render composer's idea to the public by his art imagination, but not his personal opinion,and Schoenberg stress the areas of music criticism on style and idea ; Lastly, Schoenberg's concept of music creation: Expressionism and organism are two important issues in Schoenberg's thinking about music creation.

本文通过对勋伯格各类论文、书信、演讲、专著等文稿的评述，分别探讨了作为音乐思想家的勋柏格的音乐历史观、民族主义音乐观、音乐教育观、音乐批评观与音乐刨作观，并在此基础上总结了折射在勋柏格音乐思想中的几个重要观点：一，勋柏格对于音乐历史的认识：通过德奥音乐界前辈给予他的创作启示，以及勋伯格对自己几个创作阶段的发展历程的总结，阐述了他对于艺术中的传统与革新之间的关系的辩证认识，并通过这些问题总结出音乐的演进与黑格尔倡导的&历史发展必然性&哲学观念之间存在着必然联系；二，勋柏格的民族主义音乐观：通过勋柏格对于形成民族艺术特征的根本原因、民族艺术中的支配现象、民间音乐与艺术音乐之间的比较、音乐刨作中的&民族性&问题的意识等方面问题的剖析与认识，总结了他的&重艺术音乐，轻民间音乐&、&重西欧音乐，轻非西欧音乐&的观点，从而突出了他的精神领域中的根深蒂固的&德奥音乐中心论&，这是一个浸润着浓厚的西欧文化中心论色彩的观点，也是贯串他毕生的音乐思想的重要观点之一；三，勋柏格对音乐教育问题的见解：勋柏格认为作曲教师应该教会学生掌握&艺术的工具&、在教学中努力做到&一专多能&、注重个性培养；四，勋柏格对当代音乐批评家与音乐批评方法提出的要求：音乐批评家必须具备作为一名音乐家的专业修养，要以真实、客观的态度对待音乐批评这门神圣的职业，充分运用内心的艺术联想向公众再现作曲家的意图，而不是将个人见解强加于受众；同时，批评家需要对艺术的过去与未来拥有全面的了解与较准确的预测，在音乐批评的具体范畴中，应将重心角度置于探讨音乐作品的风格与思想之间的关系方面。

G26L series color quartz glass liquid level gauge operates on optics principle that natural light is refracted in liquid.

G26L 系列彩色石英玻璃液位计通过自然光在液体中折射的光学原理，借助滤色红玻璃片，测量时，使液相显示绿色，气相显示红色，由于液、气相显示反差很大，所以指示鲜明清晰。

This paper attempts to deal with how Australianisms, as the mirror of Aussie culture, reflect such unique cultural phenomena in Aussie history as exile continent, immigration destination, bush adventure, gold fever, and nationalism.

透过澳大利亚英语词汇这面反映澳洲历史的折射镜，我们可以解读澳洲独特的社会发展进程和特有的历史文化现象。

The hand-blown cracked glass tops gives the Firefly a classic amber 'refracted' glow to accent the landscape.

手吹碎裂的玻璃台面使萤火虫的经典琥珀'折射'的光辉口音的景观。

Against the background of the hot wave of global investment and financing, CHINA MINING is sure to reflect another hot wave of global mining and investment.

在全球掀起投资和融资热浪的大背景下，中国国际矿业大会势必会折射出全球矿业和投资的新一轮热浪。

They form when the sun is near the horizon and ice crystals high in the sky line up in a way that bends the solar rays like a prism.

在太阳靠近地平线并且高空中的冰晶排列成一种能像棱镜般折射阳光的形式时，幻日现象便形成了。

They form when the sun is near the horizon and ice crystals high in the sky line up in a way that bends the solar rays like a prism.

当太阳靠近地平线，并且天空里的冰晶达到一定高度后就象棱镜一样折射太阳光线时，就会出现这种幻日现象。

They form when the sun is near the horizon and ice crystals high in the sky line up in a way that bends the solar rays like a prism.

当太阳处于接近地平线的高度且云层中冰晶较多时，就会像多棱镜一样折射太阳光而产生&假日&。

They form when the sun is near the horizon and ice crystals high in the sky line up in a way that bends the solar rays like a prism.

当太阳靠近地平线，高空中悬浮的冰晶排列起来，就像菱镜一样折射日光，这个时候便形成了幻日。

The reasons of iron ions content overproof in grade Ⅱ desalting water system,such as variation water quality,contamination of regenerant , operation adjustment of pretreatment system and switching operation of bed were discussed.

对二级脱盐水系统中铁离子含量超标的原因，如来水水质发生波动、再生剂受到污染、预处理系统操作调整、床体运行切换等进行了论述。

You were hired to drum up new business, so go and do it.

公司雇你招徕新业务，你就做你的事好了。