折射

The results are verified from deep to extremely shallow water conditions. The shoaling waves, standing waves, 3D disturbance waves, tidal waves and solitude waves are simulated and verified,and waves over an underwater bar,the diffraction near single breakwater, breakwater gap, offshore breakwater, Breakhoff experiment are taken into account in this model. Furthermore, the wave harbor resonance under special topography, and "Bragg" resonance are simulated. The wave refraction problem under current fields,the nonlinear wave refraction-diffraction under "Arthur" current field, and the wave propagation under slowly varying current field are studied. The favorable calibrations show the model's feasibility in dealing with the wave nonlinearity and simulation in both deep and shallow water.

论文对深水至极浅水非线性波进行了较全面的验证，计算模拟了波浪浅化、立波、三维干涉波、潮波、孤立波以及波浪越过潜堤、单突堤绕射、双突堤绕射、岛式堤、Berkhoff实验和多连通水域波浪传播等问题，还对特殊地形条件下波浪发生港湾共振、布拉格共振进行了仿真；论文研究了水流中波浪传播折射变形问题，Arthur流场上非线性折射-绕射、水位缓变的转向潮流中波浪传播等缓变水流中波浪问题，各类问题的较好解决验证和表明了本文模式与方法具有适用于深浅水的可计算性与非线性。

Because the velocity of the ore bed in the fault trough is different with the velocity of the both sides layers, so for the sake of designing demand we should full use the action of calibrating lithologic character of the refraction wave.

由于在地堑内的矿层和两侧的地层速度不同，为了满足设计要求，在施工过程中，充分利用折射波视速度的岩性标定作用，也就是说根据折射波不同的视速度反映，可以准确判断地震测线是否已控制到地堑的边界断层，并及时调整反射波测线布置，大大缩短了现场处理时间，提高了勘探效率。

Refractors are unstable or even missing in the middle and there is an abnormal near surface belt in the east.

中东某稀疏三维工区表层条件复杂，工区中部折射层不稳定且部分缺失，工区东部有一地表异常区带，模型静校正和折射静校正都未能很好地解决该区的静校正问题。

Starting with the zenith, a series of star fields at different altitude are observed by a telescope with larger field of view, the derivatives of various orders are calculated at different zenith distances, and finally the observational atmospheric refraction can be obtained by numerical integration.

利用一台较大视场的望远镜从天顶开始，在不同高度上对星空作一系列观测，计算不同天顶距处大气折射函数的各阶导数，最后经数值积分可给出大气折射实测值。

The electrically controlled refractive index in a nematic liquid crystal cell for switchable π/2 phase shifting and quarter wave plate of terahertz wave was demonstrated. We used the nematic LC, E7, which exhibits a birefringence of ~0.17 (0.2~1.2THz), useable at the room temperature range because of the wide nematic range -10?

我们研制了在兆赫辐射(1012 赫兹)波段，以电压控制其双折射系数的向列型液晶盒所制作而成的可调式π/2相位调制器及四分之一波片，我们使用了E7这种向列型液晶，在0.2~1.2兆赫这个波段，E7的双折射系数约为0.17，此外其适用的温度范围很大(摄氏-10°~61°)，能够操作於室温。

Making use of structural characteristics of the Lower Latitude Meridian Circle and the error theory of this instrument, we have developed a method used to measure directly instantaneous atmospheric refraction, and moreover built a local observational astronomical refraction model toward the east, south, west and north of Yunnan observatory that is classified according to the star's spectral type.

阐述了云南天文台探讨出的利用低纬子午环的观测原理，在不同方向和不同天顶距直接测定瞬时大气折射值的一套方法，并给出了用实测数据在东、南、西、北4个方向建立的按恒星光谱型分类的大气折射实测模型。

Reflection/refraction - enables or disables the calculation of reflections and refractions in VRay maps and materials.

反射/折射。开启或关闭Vray贴图和材质的反射和折射计算。

Based on characteristics and connectivity of the groups in molecules,a new method was developed to calculate the molar refractions of cycloalkanes from molecular structure.

根据分子结构的特点，发展了一种计算环烷烃摩尔折射度的新方法。对 2 3 2种环烷烃的计算结果表明，摩尔折射度计算值十分接近实验值，平均误差 0 2 8%，计算精度显著优于文献方

The reflections and refractions Raytrace material generates are more accurate than those produced by the Reflect/Refract map.

光线追踪材质所产生的反射和折射效果要比反射/折射贴图所产生的效果更加精确。

We use Welford's aberration equation to obtain the initial phase parameters of the diffractive surface of the designed hybrid achromatic lens.

复合透镜不同於传统折射透镜，它一面为传统折射透镜，另一面为绕射透镜；它不但可消色差及降低其他像差，在体积及重量的缩小上也有相当的成效。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。