折射

By analyzing the correlativities between the seismic record and the surface structure, it was confirmed in this paper to be a coincidence relation between the topographic feature and the surface structure of HJQ. For the reliableness of the refraction statics, the policy of the first arrival pickup and the initial model setup should be adapted to the various topographic features in the use of this technique.

本文通过对杭锦旗地区特殊地貌与地震记录初至及表层结构的对应关系分析，认为杭锦锦地区地貌与表层结构有一定的对应关系，在折射静校正处理中应针对不同地貌特征建立初至拾取原则和构建初始模型，以确保折射静校正结果的准确可靠。

With the expression for the light propagation, the corresponding Snell's law and the expression of Fresnel coefficients are obtained, which can be applied to describe the re°ection-refraction event at the interface between an arbitrary combination of transparent and absorbing media.

并由此得到吸收介质界面上的反射和折射定律及其菲涅耳公式，所得结果也适用于由吸收和非吸收介质任意组合的界面。标签菲涅耳公式反射折射吸收折射率

The method does not depend on strict local parameters and precise instruments, while the observational principle is relatively simple. An experimental observation was carried out with a simple telescope with large field of view at Xinglong station of NAOC at the end of 2007. The atmospheric refraction from the zenith distance of 44.8 degree to 87.5 degree is gotten by the differential method, which proves the feasibility of the method tentatively.

该方法不依赖于严格的地方参数和复杂精密的观测仪器，并且观测原理相对简单。2007年底，利用一台简易的大视场望远镜在兴隆观测站进行了试验观测，根据较差方法实测得到真天顶距44.8°至87.5°的大气折射值，初步证明了大气折射较差测量方法的可行性。

We found that the recording order of gratings with different periodicity made a crucial effect on the final forming of the microstructures. 4. Photo-induced birefringence phenomenons of P , containing mono azobenzene chromophore and P (MMA-co-GY7), containing diazobenzene chromophore were studied by static absorption and dynamic pump-probe techniques.

研究了单偶氮苯聚合物P、双偶氮苯聚合物P（MMA-co-GY7）的紫外-可见吸收光谱、荧光光谱，并对单偶氮苯、双偶氮苯聚合物材料光谱性能的差异进行了分析；研究了偶氮苯聚合物的超快光致双折射过程，并对单偶氮苯聚合物与双偶氮苯聚合物进行了比较，分析了含双偶氮聚合物超快光致双折射过程的来源。

The light filtrating properties were studied through the filling of 3D continuous pores with divinyl benzene as a highly refractive liquid.

研究了三维连续孔道在充满二乙烯基苯高折射液体后的滤光特性，通过引入金属离子改变固体材料折射率的方法，验证了光在高折射液相中的全反射效应，并从定性角度建立三维骨架材料的孔径及分布与透射光波长范围之间的关系，对新光学现象给出了初步解释。

The high temperature phase barium metaborate α-BaB2O4 single crystal with 25mm in diameter, 100mm in height was grown by the Bridgman method .

采用坩埚下降法生长出了新型双折射晶体高温相偏硼酸钡α-BaB2O4单晶，尺寸为φ25mm×100mm，在He-Ne激光照射下无散射颗粒和生长条纹，在可见光区用复式宝石折射仪粗略测得该晶体的双折射率△n=0。

A brief introduction to domestic research of negative refracting materials is given, and two possible routes to negative refracting via functional polymeric materials are suggested.

本文还简要介绍了国内负折射材料的研究现状，提出了利用高分子功能材料实现负折射的两种可能的途径。

When the viewpoint is changing quickly, the rendering algorithm ignores some details of the diffuse component, otherwise the scene is rendered more precisely. The Specula highlight is dependent of the viewpoint, it must be processed in real time. We present an algorithm to get rid of the area that does not contain specula highlight quickly and calculate only the area that contains the specula highlight. In order to calculate the specula reflection and refraction component, we presented a new raytracing algorithm based on the environment map transformation. The environment maps are constructed at the sample points of the scene in the preprocessing phase. We add depth information in the environment maps and generate the exact reflection and refraction intensity with the transformation of a few pixels.

对于表面光亮度漫射分量，由于它与视点无关，可以把面片按照光照细节的分布预剖分成层次结构，然后在实时漫游时根据场景变化的快慢决定绘制的细致程度；对于镜面高光分量，由于它与视点有关，必须实时处理，我们提出了一种快速高光裁剪算法，通过简单测试，去除那些不包含高光的区域，只处理包含高光的区域；对于镜面反射分量和折射分量，我们提出了一种基于环境映照变换的快速光线跟踪算法，预先在场景的离散采样点处建立环境映照，然后根据入射点的位置，把邻近采样点处的环境映照上相关象素处的可见点变换过来，求取反射分量和折射分量。

Based on the technique of PIV,We calculated the light intensity of the bubble interface and discovered that the intensities of lighr reflected or refracted twice succeedingly abide by the rules of geometric series , and the light will disappear after reflecting or refracting 4 times by the bubbles.

基于粒子成像测速的流体可视化技术，根据菲涅耳公式计算了入射到水中气泡界面的光强，得出点光源连续两次反射或折射的光强具有等比数列的规律，光线在气泡界面反射、折射4次就变成完全偏振光且光线几乎消失。

In handling his subjects, Zhu Wei skilfully turns a certain collective unconsciousness into a unique personal viewpoint. In his work he ingeniously interweaves his childhood dreams with real-life circumstances, constructing a virtual reality that runs parallel to life; a reality that is filled with all sorts of contradictory contrasts which dissolve unenthusiastically into harmony, and which mirrors a pain in the depths of his spirit. At the same time, the pain reflects his genuine concern for society and humanity.

朱伟在处理他的题材时，非常老练地将一种集体无意识转化成他个人的独特视角，把童年梦想和现实境遇巧妙地穿插起来，构筑了一个与生活并行的虚拟实在，里面设计了各种自相矛盾的对立，对立之中又自行化解为无奈的和谐，折射了他精神暗处的隐痛，同时，这种隐痛折射了朱伟对社会和对人性的真切关怀

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。