抗震的

The main research work and its results are: 1Empirical results are analysed for the relations of fault displacement and earthquake magnitude, and difference between permanent ground deformation and maxium dynamic relative displacement on the two sides of fault; 2An analytic method is proposed for resopnse of a buried pipeline due to earthquake fault movement; 3A new shell model with an equivalent boundary and relted finite element analysis method are proposed for estimating response of a buried pipeline under large fault movement; 4By the proposed method, damage performance of water supply steel pipelines with large diameter is simulated to the real cases in Kocaeli Earthquake and Ji-Ji Earthquake, and simulating results show the real failure mode of pipes is revealed; 5Effects of overlying soil and soft/hard interlayers are analyzed on ground rupture mode and degree due to earthquake fault, and some earthquake rupture phenomena in soil layers are theoretically described for the first time; 6Pipeline response characters are discussed for the case of considering effects of soil layers on ground rupture mode; 7Research results and proposed method are applied in seismic analysis of pipline acrossing fault in the Gas Tansportation Project from West to East in China.

主要工作和成果包括：1）分析了不同断层位错形式下地表破裂位错量与震级之间的经验关系，并基于集集地震近断层记录分析了断层两侧永久地面变形和地震动相对位移幅值之间的差别，为合理地考虑地震断层位错地面变形动态影响提供了依据；2）发展了断层位错地面大变形下管线反应分析模型并给出物理概念明确、简单实用的解析分析方法；3）建立了断层位错下埋地管线反应分析的等效边界壳模型有限元方法，方法中引入了以非线性弹簧形式模拟离断层较远处管段影响的等效边界，简化了计算模型并突出了近断层处管体反应；4）利用等效边界壳模型方法，对土耳其地震和集集地震中大口径埋地管线震害进行了模拟，结果表明所提方法可以更清地解释震害所表现的管体破坏特征；5）研究了覆盖土层和软硬夹层的存在对断层位错地面破裂形式和程度的影响，首次从理论上解释了某些地震地表破裂现象；6）探讨了考虑土层对断层位错地面变形影响的管体反应特征；7）本项目成果已在西气东输工程的管道跨断层抗震问题分析中得到了应用。

Therefore,a series studies of ice-pier vibration are performed from different aspects in this paper.The main work of this his thesis is summarized as follows:(1) Ice response spectra is proposed based on the idea of a seismic response spectra analysis of str .. uctures.Firstly,ice response spectra on the basis of power spectra density function is established;Secondly,based on the assumption of quadratic parabolic interpolation method,the nonlinear interpolation analysis method of ice response spectra is studied from both theoretical and practical points of view,and the successive computation formulas including ice displacement,velocity and acceleration response spectrum are deduced by Duhamel integral.Furthermore,to analyze the effectivity and applicability of the method, the real temporal curves of ice pressure are used to be studied.The results show that the presented method is more convenient and accurate to study the structural response induced by ice force,also it can be effectively applied in the design of ice resistance.

鉴于此，本文针对冰激桥墩结构振动问题从不同方面展开了一系列与之相关的研究，主要研究内容如下：(1)根据结构抗震反应分析思想提出了冰振反应谱，首先建立了基于功率谱密度函数的冰振反应谱；其次借鉴地震反应谱内插法的思想从理论和实际观点出发，假定在等距离微小时间间隔内冰荷载按二次抛物线规律变化，由Duhamel积分推导出冰振位移、速度以及加速度反应谱的一系列连锁公式，建立了基于非线性内插法的冰振反应谱，并利用实际冰压力时程曲线进行了冰振反应谱数值分析，为以后冰激结构振动的研究提供一种方便、简捷、精确的分析方法，也能够将其有效地应用到结构的抗冰计算中。

In the test research of the most radical plane column-beam joint specimens are done, so the feasibility and the problem for this construction method could be discussed.

基于此，本文有针对性的对轴压比、剪压比及梁柱混凝土强度级差进行控制，设计并完成了7个按梁混凝土强度浇筑的钢筋混凝土平面框架节点的低周反复加载试验，通过量测各试件节点区水平箍筋以及贯穿节点的梁、柱纵筋在不同受力阶段的应变等，综合分析了各个试件的延性、耗能性及梁柱纵筋的粘结退化状况，考察了节点核心区采用梁混凝土浇筑后对试件综合抗震性能的影响。

By means of full and accurate investigation of historic and archaeological data, and combining with the survey of the relict structures of ancient Chinese buildings, a lot of investigations has been done, the origins , development, evolution of timber buildings in Chinese various historic times are studied with principle, types, constructions and functions of the structure.

通过对翔实历史与考古资料的调查，并结合于中国古建筑遗构的勘测，进行了许多有关这类结构的起源、发展和演变方面的研究工作，结果表明：(1)木构架具有相当好的抗震性能，由于这类木造结构的材料具有良好的弹塑性性能、以及榫卯节点的柔性连接，以致在地震过程中，大量的地震动能量被消耗掉。

To resolve the design difficulties caused by small cross-section, low height of the bridge structure, the key technique problem to the bridge structure should be carried on research and analysis, such as whole calculation model, considering foundation combined action , the reasonable rigidity match to the joint of the girder and pier ,inner force redistribution caused by the system conversion ,the forecast to long-term deformation after building , stress analysis and tectonic steel bar of the anchored serration block , the influence of foundation settlement and anti- earthquake measures . To acquire feasible and reasonable technique parameters and provide the full design basis, according to analytical results adjust and optimize the bridge structure design.

为解决桥梁结构要求截面小，高度低等带来的设计困难，需对该结构的关键技术问题如考虑基础共同作用的整体计算模型、梁墩间的合理刚度匹配、体系转换产生的内力重分布、成桥后的长期变形预测、锚下锯齿块应力分析及配筋构造、基础沉降影响及抗震措施等进行研究分析，以获得技术可行、经济合理的技术参数，为设计提供充分的依据，根据分析结果调整优化桥梁结构设计。

China, in its headlong attempts to modernize, has often demonstrated a dismayingly cavalier attitude toward the well-being of its people: skyscrapers are built with little attention to safety standards and are invariably far from earthquake-resistant; huge dams ― not least the monstrosity that has so ruined the Three Gorges of the Yangtze ― are erected in a slapdash fashion; subways, like the system burrowing through the waterlogged alluvium beneath Shanghai, are built with incautious haste; freeway tunnels are bored through earthquake fault zones.

呼唤现代化的中国往往对民众的福祉展现出惊人轻慢的态度：摩天大楼的建造很少注意安全标准，远远不能抗震；巨大的水坝仓促落成；地铁的建造也是不谨慎的匆忙，例如穿过积水冲积层上海地铁系统；高速公路隧道的钻孔经过地震断裂带。

Based on the systematic study of fault gouge characteristics (such as minerals component, granulometric composition structure and fractal, maturity, present activity and topotaxy by the SEM), a new way using microscopic and quantitative characteristics of fault gouge is put forward to evaluate the aseismatic problem and the fault resistance problem of concealed fault.

基于断层泥的特征（矿物组分、粒度成分结构和分形、成熟度和目前活动度和SEM特征等）的系统研究，探讨和提出了以断层泥的显微和定量特征来评价隐伏断裂的抗震和抗断难题的新思路和方法，并在镇扬大桥工程区域稳定性评价实际应用中取得了良好的效果，这对建在断裂带上的特大型桥梁工程的稳定性评价具有重大意义。

Lastly, in accordance with the actual situations of the prototype structure of mosque pagoda, based on the similar relation of model experiments, a model structure of mosque pagoda with a similar coefficient of 1/10 is designed and fabricated. Earthquake simulating shaking table tests are performed on the model structure of pagoda in the cases the AB type passive control system with SMA dampers is erected or unerected. The leading earthquake responses like the relative drift at the top of the main tower and the small tower, interstory drift ratio, acceleration, and cracking process of the pagodas body etc. are studied. The operational behaviors involving the deformation capacity and energy dissipation capacity is tested for passive control system with SMA dampers under the earthquake excitation, and the corresponding control mechanism and regularity is also analyzed. Furthermore, the performance changes and protection effectiveness is comprehensively evaluated while the model structure of pagoda is seismically protected or not.

最后，根据光塔原型结构的实际情况，以模型试验的相似关系为基础，设计并制作了一个相似系数S，为1/10的光塔模型结构，并先后进行了未安装和安装A、B型SMA阻尼器被动控制系统光塔模型结构的地震模拟振动台试验，研究了模型结构在3种不同工况下，主塔顶部和小塔顶部的相对位移、层间位移角和加速度以及塔体开裂等光塔结构的主要地震反应，测试了SMA阻尼器被动控制系统在地震激励下的变形能力和消能能力等工作性能，分析了相应的控制机理和控制规律，并从总体上评价了光塔模型结构抗震保护前后的性能变化和保护效果。

This is generally defined as being identical in the length to the width of the footing in the direction normal to the analytical plane. However, there is little knowledge about whether the results obtained from the historic method analysis are overestimated or underestimated, comparing with those obtained from the applicable values. So in this paper a new methodology considering the soil-pile dynamic interaction for sea warf has been imposed.

在总结理论的基础上，指出土-结构动力相互作用目前的发展水平与工程实用之间仍存在相当大的差距，理论与实际之间也还有距离，这是由于土-结构动力相互作用问题本身的复杂性，不同的计算方法都引进了一些假设和进行了不同程度的简化，以致不同方法给出的结构和地基反应存在有很大的差别，加之计算工作量大，试验验证也比较困难，所以在实际的抗震设计中考虑桩-土共同作用是有很大的研究意义的。

Also, triple-line skeleton curve was obtained, which provide base for analyzing this kind of shear walls.

其次通7片纵横配筋的高强砌块配筋砌体高悬臂剪力墙的恢复力试验，考查了竖向荷载、剪跨比、水平配筋对该种剪力墙破坏形态的影响，以及该种墙片的强度、刚度、延性性能及能量耗散能力，并且与钢筋混凝土剪力墙相比较，得出配筋砌体剪力墙抗剪时与钢筋混凝土剪力墙的破坏形态、延性等相近的结论，由试验得出的骨架三折线，也为今后分析该种墙体的抗震性能提供了依据。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。